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1. Cloud Computing
Jeremy Archibald
Geoff Carbis
Brandon Croken
Nicolas Guest Source: Foley, John. A Definition of Cloud Computing. Plug into the Cloud. September 26, 2008
<http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/blog/archives/2008/09/a_definition_of.html>Source: Foley, John. A Definition of Cloud Computing. Plug into the Cloud. September 26, 2008
<http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/blog/archives/2008/09/a_definition_of.html>
2. Overview Definition
Cloud Computing in Plain English
SaaS
Pay-as-you-Go
Benefits
Risks and Implications
Security Issues
The Future of Cloud Computing
3. Definition it is the access of data, software applications, and computer processing power through a cloud of online resources
Source: Barnatt, Christopher. Explaining Cloud Computing. YouTube.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hplXnFUlPmg>Source: Barnatt, Christopher. Explaining Cloud Computing. YouTube.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hplXnFUlPmg>
4. Cloud Computing in Plain English http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdBd14rjcs0
Source: <http://axiscreativegrp.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/cloud-computing.jpg>
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End at 4:04Source: <http://axiscreativegrp.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/cloud-computing.jpg>
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5. Software as a Service Processing and Data Storage are done externally to the firm on thin clients and accessed on a browser
Turns software/hardware into a variable expense instead of a large fixed expenditure
Enables firms to use only the resources they need on a very scalable basis Software does not need to be owned by a company in order to use it. In fact, the firms own tech support does not even need to be experts in the field of the software they are using. All maintenance, upgrades, and improvements are done by firms that are offering out their software in the cloud. Therefore, this completely reduces the need for firms to devote large amounts of resources into maintenance and technology support.
However large firms have very complex system requirements that can not be satisfied through a generic one-stop-shop software program. On top of that, they are relying on other firms to secure and maintain the integrity of their data. Since the industry is new and lacks regulation, there is a lot of resistance for firms to release their inner most secrets out into Clouds.
With the use of SaaS, firms no longer need massive IT investments which can cost several millions of dollars. Although SaaS does give large organizations an advantage, many small businesses are finding it possible to compete with larger firms by reducing their IT expenditures through the use of Clouds running their software applications and managing their databases.
SaaS enables firms to access applications and databases, as well as conduct processes through any device. It is possible to do so because SaaS uses a web browser as the access point. Then virtual machines within the cloud do all the heavy lifting, leaving it only necessary to have a thin client to present the data back to the user. Essentially everything is done within the Cloud through SaaS, with the final results sent back to the users thus eliminating any need for a firm to develop its own information system architecture.
Source: Cloud Computing in Plain English
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdBd14rjcs0>
Foley, John. A Definition of Cloud Computing. Plug into the Cloud. September 26, 2008.
<http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/blog/archives/2008/09/a_definition_of.html>
Software does not need to be owned by a company in order to use it. In fact, the firms own tech support does not even need to be experts in the field of the software they are using. All maintenance, upgrades, and improvements are done by firms that are offering out their software in the cloud. Therefore, this completely reduces the need for firms to devote large amounts of resources into maintenance and technology support.
However large firms have very complex system requirements that can not be satisfied through a generic one-stop-shop software program. On top of that, they are relying on other firms to secure and maintain the integrity of their data. Since the industry is new and lacks regulation, there is a lot of resistance for firms to release their inner most secrets out into Clouds.
With the use of SaaS, firms no longer need massive IT investments which can cost several millions of dollars. Although SaaS does give large organizations an advantage, many small businesses are finding it possible to compete with larger firms by reducing their IT expenditures through the use of Clouds running their software applications and managing their databases.
SaaS enables firms to access applications and databases, as well as conduct processes through any device. It is possible to do so because SaaS uses a web browser as the access point. Then virtual machines within the cloud do all the heavy lifting, leaving it only necessary to have a thin client to present the data back to the user. Essentially everything is done within the Cloud through SaaS, with the final results sent back to the users thus eliminating any need for a firm to develop its own information system architecture.
Source: Cloud Computing in Plain English
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdBd14rjcs0>
Foley, John. A Definition of Cloud Computing. Plug into the Cloud. September 26, 2008.
<http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/blog/archives/2008/09/a_definition_of.html>
6. Pay as you Go Cloud Computing is paid for like a utility
Cuts down on service and overhead costs
Currently no standardized payment method
Amazon charges $0.10/hour for EC2 Paid for like a utility in that you only pay for it when you are using it such as oil or electricity and are not charged for excess computing services. Instead of spending money and resources on a number of servers that you must pay for whether they are all in use or not can get expensive.
This cuts down on the service and overhead costs, this advantage is appealing for ecommerce companies that have to deal with seasonal shifts in sales activity.
Because clouding computing is new and has not yet caught on, there is no standardized method for how clouding computing is paid for, or who is earning profit from it.
Sources:
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJncFirhjPg>
<http://www.practicalecommerce.com/podcasts/episode/829-Cloud-Computing-the-New-Buzz-Word>
Foley, John. A Definition of Cloud Computing. Plug into the Cloud. September 26, 2008.
<http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/blog/archives/2008/09/a_definition_of.html>Paid for like a utility in that you only pay for it when you are using it such as oil or electricity and are not charged for excess computing services. Instead of spending money and resources on a number of servers that you must pay for whether they are all in use or not can get expensive.
This cuts down on the service and overhead costs, this advantage is appealing for ecommerce companies that have to deal with seasonal shifts in sales activity.
Because clouding computing is new and has not yet caught on, there is no standardized method for how clouding computing is paid for, or who is earning profit from it.
Sources:
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJncFirhjPg>
<http://www.practicalecommerce.com/podcasts/episode/829-Cloud-Computing-the-New-Buzz-Word>
Foley, John. A Definition of Cloud Computing. Plug into the Cloud. September 26, 2008.
<http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/blog/archives/2008/09/a_definition_of.html>
7. Who is using the Cloud Main Providers:
Amazon
Google
IBM
Users:
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
Weaknesses and skepticism need to be resolved before wide scale usage is adopted. Since cloud computing is still developing it is no surprise that the main innovators of the technology are Amazon, Google and IBM since cloud computing requires a large amount of both capital and technological resources. Launching a cloud computing facility is a hundred-million dollar undertaking, but since these companies have been on the leading edge of technology development they were in a position where they had the capabilities as well as the operational expertise to build the necessary facilities and protect their data centers against potential threats.
From a user perspective, cloud computing provides a means of acquiring computing services without requiring understanding of the underlying technology. If properly used within an overall IT strategy, cloud computing can help improve business performance and control the costs of delivering IT resources to the organization; this has become even more important for companies during this economic slump; this is one of the reasons cloud computing is developing so quickly.
EC2 allows scalable deployment of applications by providing a web services interface through which customers can request an arbitrary number of virtual machines, i.e. server instances, on which they can load any software of their choice. Current users can create, launch, and terminate server instances on demand, hence the term "elastic". IBM and Amazon Web Services have teamed up to provide you with the ability to use Amazon EC2 to build and run a range of IBM platform technologies.Since cloud computing is still developing it is no surprise that the main innovators of the technology are Amazon, Google and IBM since cloud computing requires a large amount of both capital and technological resources. Launching a cloud computing facility is a hundred-million dollar undertaking, but since these companies have been on the leading edge of technology development they were in a position where they had the capabilities as well as the operational expertise to build the necessary facilities and protect their data centers against potential threats.
From a user perspective, cloud computing provides a means of acquiring computing services without requiring understanding of the underlying technology. If properly used within an overall IT strategy, cloud computing can help improve business performance and control the costs of delivering IT resources to the organization; this has become even more important for companies during this economic slump; this is one of the reasons cloud computing is developing so quickly.
EC2 allows scalable deployment of applications by providing a web services interface through which customers can request an arbitrary number of virtual machines, i.e. server instances, on which they can load any software of their choice. Current users can create, launch, and terminate server instances on demand, hence the term "elastic". IBM and Amazon Web Services have teamed up to provide you with the ability to use Amazon EC2 to build and run a range of IBM platform technologies.
8. Benefits More Storage than private computer system.
Less focus on day-to-day maintenance/upgrades, more focus on innovation.
Much more flexible than past methods.
Highly automated systems, keeping software up to date.
Pay method reduces cost for organization.
Pervasive Computing Increased Storage Organizations can store more data than on private computer systems.
Allows IT to Shift Focus No longer having to worry about constant server updates and other issues, so can be more free to concentrate on innovation
Flexibility Cloud computing offers much more flexibility than past computing methods.
Highly Automated No longer do IT personnel need to worry about keeping software up to date.
Reduced Cost Cloud technology is paid incrementally, saving organizations money.
More Mobility Employees can access information wherever they are, rather than having to remain at their desks.
http://web2.sys-con.com/node/640237Increased StorageOrganizations can store more data than on private computer systems.
Allows IT to Shift FocusNo longer having to worry about constant server updates and other issues, so can be more free to concentrate on innovation
FlexibilityCloud computing offers much more flexibility than past computing methods.
Highly Automated No longer do IT personnel need to worry about keeping software up to date.
Reduced CostCloud technology is paid incrementally, saving organizations money.
More Mobility Employees can access information wherever they are, rather than having to remain at their desks.
http://web2.sys-con.com/node/640237
9. Risks and Implications Potential security issues:
Privileged user access
Vendor needs external audits and verifications
Data Location
Data Segregation
Recovery
Investigative Support
Long-term viability
Other Issues:
Availability of Service
Data transfer bottlenecks
CONS:
Security Issues
Privileged user accesswhat personel within the service provider will have access to confidential data that is used in the cloud. What is the security protocol within the providers human resources system?
IT Security Standards There are multiple standards for security protocol for IT systems that have yet to be implemented into cloud computing.
Regulatory compliance the vendor will be required to participate in interanal and external audits. They will need to find a way to accommodate auditors from all firms using their service.
Data locationwhere will this data be stored? Does the user have any say?
Data segregationmake sure that encryption is available at all stages and that these "encryption schemes were designed and tested by experienced professionals.
Recovery If there is a disaster what will happen to the data and will is be retrievable? Is the data always backed up in a separate location? How long will the system be down?
Investigative Supportinquires as to whether a vendor has the ability to investigate any inappropriate or illegal activity.
Long-term viability What will happen if the service provider goes out of business? What will happen to the data?
Other Issues:
Availability of Service A very high bar has been set for service availability. When you go to google.ca it is always working. Customers have become dependent on this reliability. It is very challenging to ensure this reliability for scalable software as usage quantity is hard to predict. If a surge is usage occurs, the system must be able to handle the surge.
Data transfer bottlenecks transferring large quantities of data can take a long time which may prove to be more expensive with pay-as-you go. For example, depending on the bandwidth speed, transferring terabytes of data could take days.CONS:
Security Issues
Privileged user accesswhat personel within the service provider will have access to confidential data that is used in the cloud. What is the security protocol within the providers human resources system?
IT Security Standards There are multiple standards for security protocol for IT systems that have yet to be implemented into cloud computing.
Regulatory compliance the vendor will be required to participate in interanal and external audits. They will need to find a way to accommodate auditors from all firms using their service.
Data locationwhere will this data be stored? Does the user have any say?
Data segregationmake sure that encryption is available at all stages and that these "encryption schemes were designed and tested by experienced professionals.
Recovery If there is a disaster what will happen to the data and will is be retrievable? Is the data always backed up in a separate location? How long will the system be down?
Investigative Supportinquires as to whether a vendor has the ability to investigate any inappropriate or illegal activity.
Long-term viability What will happen if the service provider goes out of business? What will happen to the data?
Other Issues:
Availability of Service A very high bar has been set for service availability. When you go to google.ca it is always working. Customers have become dependent on this reliability. It is very challenging to ensure this reliability for scalable software as usage quantity is hard to predict. If a surge is usage occurs, the system must be able to handle the surge.
Data transfer bottlenecks transferring large quantities of data can take a long time which may prove to be more expensive with pay-as-you go. For example, depending on the bandwidth speed, transferring terabytes of data could take days.
10. Security Issues Privileged user access
Vendor needs external audits and verifications
Data Location
Data Segregation
Recovery
Investigative Support
Long-term viability
Privileged user access
Outsourced services bypass usually security established within IT Dept.
Regulatory compliance
Traditional service providers are subjected to external audits and security certifications, this must be maintained for the Cloud.
Data location
Where is the data stored? Traditionally stored in a known location. Providers must commit to storing and processing in specific locations to ensure compliance with local privacy requirements.
Data segregation
Data may be stored with other companies using the same service. Providers should provide evidence of proven encryption schemes.
Recovery
In the event of a Disaster, provider must have the ability for complete restoration.
Investigative support
Investigating inappropriate or illegal activity may be impossible in cloud computing. Due to multiple customers data being co-located across ever-changing data centers.
Long-term viability
Data must remain available in the event of bankruptcy or buyout.
http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/07/02/Gartner_Seven_cloudcomputing_security_risks_1.htmlPrivileged user access
Outsourced services bypass usually security established within IT Dept.
Regulatory compliance
Traditional service providers are subjected to external audits and security certifications, this must be maintained for the Cloud.
Data location
Where is the data stored? Traditionally stored in a known location. Providers must commit to storing and processing in specific locations to ensure compliance with local privacy requirements.
Data segregation
Data may be stored with other companies using the same service. Providers should provide evidence of proven encryption schemes.
Recovery
In the event of a Disaster, provider must have the ability for complete restoration.
Investigative support
Investigating inappropriate or illegal activity may be impossible in cloud computing. Due to multiple customers data being co-located across ever-changing data centers.
Long-term viability
Data must remain available in the event of bankruptcy or buyout.
http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/07/02/Gartner_Seven_cloudcomputing_security_risks_1.html
11. Where this is heading To be accepted the technology needs to become highly regulated
Talk of morphing already existing SOA architectures into private Clouds
How learning from mistakes made with SOA can better help and utilize the Cloud Cloud Computing requires a highly regulated environment for the industry to blossom. Without rules data integrity could be compromised, databases shared with competitors within similar industries, and no repercussions for offenders. For these reasons, firms will resist putting themselves into clouds on the basis that whatever is in the clouds is hidden from them anyone could be looking at the data within the cloud. For cloud computing to take hold, these clouds need to become transparent that is that firms can see their data and know exactly who has it and who can see it.
There seems to be a terminology shift in enterprise systems providers, where SOA is simply being repackaged as internal clouds. The idea behind it was that they could push a new exciting concept, yet really all it seems to be is good marketing. Still in terms of SOA and cloud computing, there are massive differences in terms of scalability. That being that SOA is still confined to a firms existing architecture, and the Cloud can encompass many firms and users all using different systems yet working seamlessly through them.
Lawson, Loraine. Is Enterprise Cloud Computing Just SOA Repackaged? IT Business Edge. February 20, 2009.
<http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/lawson/is-enterprise-cloud-computing-just-soa-repackaged/?cs=30634>
Some have argued that by correcting issues that caused SOA to fail, will hopefully enable Cloud computing to succeed. The focus of developing Cloud computing should be on these issues presented in an online blog.
1.) Dont talk to the business about the cloud, talk to the business about business drivers and benefits that the cloud will generate
2.) Use the cloud to solve business problems, not technology problems
3.) It still requires architecture and planning. You can outsource your infrastructure, but you still need to design for security, compliance, interoperability, etc.
4.) Governance is still critical.
5.) Same people + same process + new technology = same mess (yet one blogger even further argued that the cloud is a worse mess than SOA because of the larger scalability)
6.) Dont forget about organizational impacts
These issues although important draw similar parallels to how ERP systems were once adopted in the early 90s. By keeping the business in focus and using the technology to enhance the organizations strategy beneficial results can be obtained. Having the technology alone is neither a long-term strategic advantage, nor is it a beneficial investment if it is not used strategically by the firm.
Kavis, Mike. If SOA is Dead, Cloud Computing better start writing its will. Kavis Technology Consulting. February 12, 2009.
<http://www.kavistechnology.com/blog/?p=697>Cloud Computing requires a highly regulated environment for the industry to blossom. Without rules data integrity could be compromised, databases shared with competitors within similar industries, and no repercussions for offenders. For these reasons, firms will resist putting themselves into clouds on the basis that whatever is in the clouds is hidden from them anyone could be looking at the data within the cloud. For cloud computing to take hold, these clouds need to become transparent that is that firms can see their data and know exactly who has it and who can see it.
There seems to be a terminology shift in enterprise systems providers, where SOA is simply being repackaged as internal clouds. The idea behind it was that they could push a new exciting concept, yet really all it seems to be is good marketing. Still in terms of SOA and cloud computing, there are massive differences in terms of scalability. That being that SOA is still confined to a firms existing architecture, and the Cloud can encompass many firms and users all using different systems yet working seamlessly through them.
Lawson, Loraine. Is Enterprise Cloud Computing Just SOA Repackaged? IT Business Edge. February 20, 2009.
<http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/lawson/is-enterprise-cloud-computing-just-soa-repackaged/?cs=30634>
Some have argued that by correcting issues that caused SOA to fail, will hopefully enable Cloud computing to succeed. The focus of developing Cloud computing should be on these issues presented in an online blog.
1.) Dont talk to the business about the cloud, talk to the business about business drivers and benefits that the cloud will generate
2.) Use the cloud to solve business problems, not technology problems
3.) It still requires architecture and planning. You can outsource your infrastructure, but you still need to design for security, compliance, interoperability, etc.
4.) Governance is still critical.
5.) Same people + same process + new technology = same mess (yet one blogger even further argued that the cloud is a worse mess than SOA because of the larger scalability)
6.) Dont forget about organizational impacts
These issues although important draw similar parallels to how ERP systems were once adopted in the early 90s. By keeping the business in focus and using the technology to enhance the organizations strategy beneficial results can be obtained. Having the technology alone is neither a long-term strategic advantage, nor is it a beneficial investment if it is not used strategically by the firm.
Kavis, Mike. If SOA is Dead, Cloud Computing better start writing its will. Kavis Technology Consulting. February 12, 2009.
<http://www.kavistechnology.com/blog/?p=697>
12. Questions Source: <http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v92/Tertiaa/question_markWinCE.jpg>Source: <http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v92/Tertiaa/question_markWinCE.jpg>
