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The Hundred Years War: A Tale of Kings, Battles, and Betrayals

The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) ignited over the vacant French throne and transformed England and France. A relentless struggle resulted in significant losses for England, which retained only Calais by the war's end. The conflict ravaged the Plantagenets, leading to the Wars of the Roses, marked by the rival houses of Lancaster and York. Key figures like Edward IV, Richard of York, and Queen Margaret faced betrayal, power shifts, and epic battles, culminating in the rise of the Tudors. Explore this tumultuous chapter of history.

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The Hundred Years War: A Tale of Kings, Battles, and Betrayals

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  1. The Hundred Years War • Began in 1337 over the vacant French throne • England lost • French victory 1453 • England lost all French lands except for Calais • France ravaged

  2. The House of the Plantagenet • House = Family • Ruled England from 1154-1399 • A House divided • Lancaster (red) • York (white)

  3. York Pennsylvania Lancaster England Lancaster Pennsylvania NOT York England

  4. Edward III Blanch of LAncaster John of Gaunt Catherine Swinfold Edmund of Langley Duke of York

  5. Henry IV Mary de Bohun Richard Earl of Cambridge Anne Mortimer Lancaster York Catherine of France Henry V Cecily of York Richard of York Margaret of Anjou Henry VI Edward IV Edmund Clarence Elizabeth Woodville Richard Tudor Edward Prince of wALES Anne Neville Edward V, Richard of York Henry Earl of Richmond Elizabeth

  6. The War of the Roses • Red = Lancaster; White = York • Richard of York defeats Henry VI @ Somerset • Henry’s growing insanity made country unstable • Shot in the neck with an arrow (!!!!) and lived • Queen Margaret’s Lancastrian forces defeated Yorkists • Peace reestablished = “Loveday” procession • Battle ensued following year; Yorkists lost again • Richard of York fled to Ireland; traitor

  7. War Isn’t Rosy • 1460 -- Warwick (the King-Maker) & Edward (York’s son) capture Henry VI • Queen Margaret took control AGAIN and rescued Henry VI • Richard of York was beheaded and displayed in “a paper crown” • But…..the pendulum keeps swinging… • March 4, 1460 – Edward of York declared King

  8. And the King is…. • Edward IV! • Until….1470 when he was betrayed by Warwick and his brother, Clarence • forced into exile • Henry VI was briefly declared king • 1471 – Edward killed Warwick • Battle of Tewkesbury – Edward regained kingship • Defeated and captured Queen Margaret • Margaret’s son, Edward, Prince of Wales, killed while escaping • Henry VI died “of mysterious circumstances”

  9. BETRAYAL!!! • Edward IV = womanizer & playboy • Married Elizabeth Woodville • Widow of Lancastrian nobleman killed in battle • Love story • Married in secret in 1464 • Too many royals in the castle • 5 brothers, 7 sisters • favors • Royal negotiations with France fall through

  10. But the Final Victor Is… • The Lancastrians! • 1485 – Richard III is defeated by Richmond • Richmond = Henry VII (House of Tudor) • Grandson of Henry V’s widow • Great-grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster • Father of the infamous Henry VIII (wife-killer)

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