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The Burden Of Obesity

The Burden Of Obesity. Alison Patrick, MPH, RD, LD Cuyahoga County Board of Health. For the first time in two centuries, the current generation of children in America may live shorter lives than their parents. Childhood Obesity - Defined. Calculated using a child’s weight and height

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The Burden Of Obesity

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  1. The Burden Of Obesity Alison Patrick, MPH, RD, LD Cuyahoga County Board of Health

  2. For the first time in two centuries, the current generation of children in America may live shorter lives than their parents.

  3. Childhood Obesity - Defined • Calculated using a child’s weight and height • Weigh status is then determined using age and sex specific percentile for BMI rather than using the adult BMI categories • Childhood overweight: At or above the 85th percentile and lower than the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex • Childhood obesity: At or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex

  4. Childhood Obesity: The Good News • Nationally, the percentage of American children who are obese has not increased in the past decade

  5. Childhood Obesity:The Bad News • There has been no decrease in the percentage of American children who are obese

  6. Childhood Obesity: Disparities

  7. Early Childhood Obesity • 10% of infants and toddlers have high weight-for-length • 1 in 7 low-income preschool-aged children is obese

  8. 2009-2011 County Obesity Prevalence Among Low-Income Children Aged 2 to 4 Years

  9. Chronic Disease Implications • Children who are obese are more than twice as likely to die before the age of 55 • 70% of obese youth have at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease • 39% of obese children have two or more risk factors • Children who are obese after the age of 6 are 50% more likely to be obese as adults • Chronic disease accounts for 75% of health care spending in the US 2012 F as in Fat Report Trust for America’s Health

  10. Economic Cost of Obesity • Obesity related medical care • $160 billion per year (2010 estimate) • Indirect cost of obesity in America • $450 billion per year (2011 estimate) • $140 billion on incremental food costs, plus-sized clothing, and weight loss products and programs • $160 billion on medications, surgeries, and doctor visits • $130 billion on absenteeism, decreased productivity, and short-term disability • $20 billion on increase use of fuel, electricity, etc.

  11. OHIO: Obesity (BMI>95%tile) Across the Lifespan 2-5 yr. olds 10-17 yr. olds Adults <5% 5-9.9% 10-14.9% 15-19.9% 20-24.9% 25-29.9% >30% Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS), CDC, and ODH 2006 Ohio Family Health Survey (OFHS), ODJFS/ODH/ODI/ODMH, 2008

  12. Does Place Matter? Where you live, work, pray, and play impact our health

  13. Fact The choices we make are shaped by the choices we have

  14. Prevalence of obesity in Cleveland neighborhoods, 2005-2009 Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Cleveland neighborhood clusters (W) West Riverside, Puritas-Longmead, Kamms Corner, and Jefferson (NW) Northwest Edgewater, Cudell, Detroit-Shoreway, Ohio City/Near West Side, and Tremont (S/SW) South/ Southwest: West Boulevard, Stockyards, Clark-Fulton, Brooklyn-Center, and Old Brooklyn (E) East: Downtown, Central, Goodrich-Kirtland Park, St. Clair- Superior, Fairfax, Hough, and University (NE) Northeast: Glenville, Forest Hills, North and South Collinwood, and Euclid-Green (EC) Eastern Corridor: Industrial Valley, North Broadway, Kinsman, Woodland Hills and Buckeye-Shaker (SE) Southeast: South Broadway, Union-Miles, Corlett, Mt. Pleasant, and Lee-Miles

  15. Lyndhurst 88.5 Hough 64.0

  16. Life Expectancy: 80.3 High School grads: 98.1% Unemployment: 3.4% Poverty: 3.3% Home ownership: 92.6% Non-white: 22.90%

  17. Life Expectancy: 74.5 High School grads: 82.9% Unemployment: 9.2% Poverty: 17.2% Home ownership: 56.3% Non-white: 46.1%

  18. Life Expectancy: 65 High School grads: 68.2% Unemployment: 18.7% Poverty: 37.4% Home ownership: 33.60% Non-white: 95.4%

  19. Cuyahoga CountyYouth Risk Behavior Survey • 2011 High School Survey • 12,749 student responses • Nutrition • 22.6% of students met the recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake • 22.8% of students are drinking at least one soda per day • Only 32.7% of students eat breakfast daily • 75% of students report eating fast food one day per week

  20. Youth Risk Behavior Survey • Physical Activity • Only 43.8% of students met the recommended levels of physical activity • 34.3% of students watch three of more hours of television daily • 27.2% of students play video games three or more hours daily • Weight Status • 16.6% of students are overweight • 13.3% of students are obese

  21. Early Childhood Obesity: Taking Action

  22. A Policy Approach • All children have these things in common: • The need for healthy food options • The need for adequate time for physical activity • Health and child care providers that monitor health and growth, are mindful of healthy patterns, and can advise and assist parents in addressing issues

  23. A Policy Approach • Goal: To establish policies that are not only universal in addressing the health of young children, but that are also feasible across different settings and account for the potential negative social and economic factors that exist in communities

  24. Breastfeeding Policy • Adults working with infants and families should promote and support exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, and continuation of breastfeeding through one year of age, along with the introduction of age appropriate foods

  25. 10 Steps to Breastfeeding-Friendly Child Care Centers • Designate an individual or group who is responsible for development and implementation of the ten steps. • Establish a supportive breastfeeding policy and require all staff be aware of and follow the policy. • Establish a supportive worksite policy for staff members who are breastfeeding. • Train all staff so that they are able to carry out breastfeeding promotion and support activities. • Create a culturally appropriate breastfeeding-friendly environment. • Inform expectant and new families and visitors about your center’s breastfeeding-friendly policies. • Stimulate participatory learning experiences with the children, related to breastfeeding. • Provide a comfortable place for mothers to breastfeed or pump their milk in privacy, if desired. • Educate families and staff that a mother may breastfeed her child wherever they have a legal right to be. Establish and maintain connections with local breastfeeding coalition or community breastfeeding resources. • Maintain an updated resource file of community breastfeeding services and resources kept in an accessible area for families

  26. Nutrition Policy • Require that all meals, snacks, and beverages served be consistent with the USDA Child and Adult Food Care program meal patterns • Pattern is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans • Ensure safe drinking water be both available and accessible to children

  27. Nutrition Policy – Food Access • Promote and refer individuals to food assistance programs • Promote use of farmers market incentive programs • Farm to Preschool • School Gardening

  28. Energy Dense Foods and Sugar Sweetened Beverages • Limit or eliminate consumption during day • Avoid use as reward in classroom • Limit use and consumption for classroom parties • Fundraisers

  29. Physical Activity • Establish physical activity policy to ensure infants, toddlers, and preschool children have opportunities for physical activity throughout the day • Policy should also ensure that the facility built environment supports the promotion of physical activity • Policy should also support professional development opportunities for staff related to physical activity

  30. Physical Activity Policy • Opportunities to move freely • Withholding physical activity should not be used as a punishment • Infants, toddlers, and preschoolers should be allowed to move freely • Policy needs to limit the use of equipment that restricts movement • Infant equipment should be used only for its intended purpose

  31. Screen Time Policy • Limit screen time for ages 2-5 • Less than 30 minutes per day for children in half-day programs • Less than 1 hour per day for children in full-day programs

  32. Questions? Alison Patrick, MPH, RD, LD apatrick@ccbh.net 216-201-2001 x 1513

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