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Unified China: Qin Dynasty to Han Dynasty

Explore the rise to power of the Qin Dynasty under Emperor Qin Shihuangdi and the subsequent era of the Han Dynasty, witnessing significant advancements, governmental structures, and eventual decline.

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Unified China: Qin Dynasty to Han Dynasty

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  1. Unification of China Qin 221 – 207 BCE Han 206 BCE – CE 220

  2. Qin Dynasty: Rise to power • Emperor Qin Shihuangdi • Powerful army & effective iron weapons (Disarmed regional military forces & fortresses) • Centralized rule • Administrative provinces and districts • Bureaucracy • Agricultural productivity • Private plots generous profits

  3. Qin Centralization • Infrastructure • roads, bridges, defensive walls (Great Wall) • Built by conscripts • Standardized … • laws, currencies & weights • Chinese script across linguistic boundaries • currency and economic integration

  4. 1500 mi long • averages 25 ft height • 15 to 30 ft thick at the base -12 ft at the top • Guard stations and watchtowers are placed at regular intervals • The eastern part of the wall is earth and stone faced with brick • In the west it is merely a tamped earth mound.

  5. Qin Rule • Suppressed all dissent • The Burning of the Books • Foundation of political and cultural unity BUT no universal acceptance of government • Civil insurrection at its end!

  6. Han: Rise to Power • Mandate in 206BCE • Liu Bang restored order • policy of centralization • Han Wudi 141BCE -87 BCE • Enormous bureaucracy • Imperial expansion • Invasion of Northern Vietnam and Korea

  7. Han Rule • Bureaucracy • (modeled after Legalist Qin) • Civil Service Exam (mobility?) • Taxes on agriculture, trade and craft industries Roads & canals to facilitate communication & trade • Monopolies on iron and salt production

  8. Han Advancements • Expansion of Iron production • Shipbuilding, wheel barrows • Sericulture (Silk) expansion to south – and west – Silk Roads, contact with other Empires • Paper production • Medicine - acupuncture • Arts – jade, ivory, bronze

  9. Han Decline • Social Tensions – widening gap between rich and poor • Political Failure Failed Land Distribution: Wang Mang • Later Han Dynasty • Yellow Turban Uprising (internal rebellion) • Outside invasions (Huns)

  10. Schools of thought: Impact on Classical China Confucianism Han Dynasty State Philosophy Benefits? Drawbacks? Legalism Qin ShiHuangdi – first emperor of China Benefits? Drawbacks? Daoism Government? Popular religion The Arts Private Lives

  11. Drawing Conclusions • How do the empires of India compare with those of China? • How does your understanding of Classical China reinforce the characteristics of the Classical Age? • What individuals of Classical Age had the biggest impact on China’s development?

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