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Principles of genetic engineering

Principles of genetic engineering. L Mathias. What is genetic engineering. Genetic engineering, also known as recombinant DNA technology , means altering the genes in a living organism to produce a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) with a new genotype.

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Principles of genetic engineering

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  1. Principles of genetic engineering L Mathias

  2. What is genetic engineering • Genetic engineering, also known as recombinant DNA technology, means altering the genes in a living organism to produce a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) with a new genotype. • Various kinds of genetic modification are possible: inserting a foreign gene from one species into another, forming a transgenic organism; altering an existing gene so that its product is changed; or changing gene expression so that it is translated more often or not at all.

  3. Basic steps in genetic engineering • Isolate the gene • Insert it in a host using a vector • Produce as many copies of the host as possible • Separate and purify the product of the gene

  4. Step 1: Isolating the gene

  5. Step 1: Alternative method (using reverse transcriptase) • Reverse transcriptase • mRNA converted into cDNA • Complementary strand produced using DNA polymerase • Advantage – more mRNA in cell than DNA

  6. Step 2: Inserting gene into vector • Vector – molecule of DNA which is used to carry a foreign gene into a host cell

  7. Step 3: inserting vector into host • See worksheet

  8. Replica plating

  9. Step 4: Multiplication of the host cells by cloning • Large scale fermenters by cloning • All genetically identical because of asexual reproduction

  10. Step 5: Extraction of desired gene product

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