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Lesson Objectives Describe the unique role of water In chemical systems In biological systems

Lesson Objectives Describe the unique role of water In chemical systems In biological systems Develop and use general rules regarding solubility through investigations with aqueous solutions. Water. Over 70% of Earth covered by water Water constitutes over 50% of the human body

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Lesson Objectives Describe the unique role of water In chemical systems In biological systems

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  1. Lesson Objectives • Describe the unique role of water • In chemical systems • In biological systems • Develop and use general rules regarding solubility through investigations with aqueous solutions • Water

  2. Over 70% of Earth covered by water • Water constitutes over 50% of the human body • Water is the solvent in most body fluids • Water is a reactant in photosynthesis • Water Light + 6CO2 + 6H2OC6H12O6 + 6O2 By Rdsmith4 (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-2.5]

  3. Exists as a solid, liquid, and gas in nature • Phases of Water

  4. Water molecules are more tightly packed in the liquid phase than in the crystalline structure of the solid phase • Denser as a liquid than as a solid • Ice floats on water preserving aquatic life in cold climates • Density of Water

  5. Polarity – the separation of electrical charge within a molecule, which causes partial positive and negative charges to form • “Like dissolves like” • Polar substances dissolve other polar substances Ex) Ammonia and water • Non-polar substances dissolve other non-polar substances Ex) Bromine and carbon tetrachloride • Polarity and Solubility

  6. Polar and non-polar substances are not soluble and do not form solutions Ex) Oil and water • Polarity and Solubility By Victor Blacus (Victor Blacus) [GFDL]

  7. Determine which products are soluble in water using a solubility table Ex) NaNO3 is soluble Ex) AgCl is insoluble Ex) Mg(OH)2 is insoluble • Solubility Rules

  8. Remains in liquid form under most conditions on Earth • High boiling point compared to other small molecular compounds • High specific heat • Water is usually available as a solvent • Solvent– substance in a solution that is present in the greatest amount, in which the solute is dissolved • Solute– substance in a solution that is present in a lesser amount, which is dissolved in a solvent • Solution– homogeneous mixture of the solute and solvent • Aqueous solution – solution in which water is the solvent • Water as a Solvent

  9. Water is the “universal solvent” • Water is a polar molecule • Water as a Solvent δ– O H H δ+ δ+

  10. Polarity of water molecules make it a good solvent for most ionic compounds and other polar substances • Water as a Solvent

  11. Solvation – process of solvent particles surrounding solute particles, pulling the solute apart and forming a solution • Attractive forces between the solute and solvent particles are stronger than the attractive forces binding the solute particles together • Solvation

  12. Dissociation of Salt • Water as a Solvent

  13. What happens to the liquids shortly after you stop shaking salad dressing? Oil is insoluble in vinegar; and thus oil and vinegar are said to be immiscible Two liquids that are soluble in each other are said to be miscible In order to form a solution, solute particles must separate from one another and the solute and solvent particles must mix. SOLUTIONS

  14. Solubility – greatest quantity of solute that can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent at a given pressure and temperature • Soluble substances can be dissolved by the solvent • Insoluble substances cannot be dissolved by the solvent • Solubility Insoluble Soluble By Dr.T (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0]

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