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Chapter 10 Freshwater Biomes Chapter 11 Marine Biomes

Chapter 10 Freshwater Biomes Chapter 11 Marine Biomes. Section 10.1 Aquatic Biomes. Section 10.1 Aquatic Biomes. Aquatic biomes Aquatic habitat – organisms live in or on water.

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Chapter 10 Freshwater Biomes Chapter 11 Marine Biomes

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  1. Chapter 10 Freshwater BiomesChapter 11 Marine Biomes

  2. Section 10.1 Aquatic Biomes Section 10.1 Aquatic Biomes Aquatic biomes • Aquatic habitat – organisms live in or on water. • The 2 most important factors that determine aquatic biomes are the amount of dissolved salts in the water and the depth of the water. • The rate of flow and the dissolved oxygen are also important factors in determining types of organisms that live in aquatic ecosystems

  3. Section 10.1 Aquatic Biomes Salinity • Salinity – the amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water. • Aquatic biomes divided into two groups based on salinity: freshwater and saltwater • Salinity is measured in parts per thousand or the number of units of salt in a thousand units of water • Salinity of the ocean: about 30 parts per thousand • Salinity of fresh water : 0.5 ppt or less • Water more saline than fresh water, but less saline than ocean water, is called brackish water • Common in river deltas, and coastal marshes • Where freshwater meets salt water.

  4. Section 10.1 Aquatic Biomes Depth • Whether deep or shallow, sunlight is important in determining types and amount of plants present. • Bodies of water can be divided into vertical depth zones 1. Photiczone – the top layer of water, which receives sunlight • In the ocean the photic zone is up to 200 m deep 2. Aphoticzone – below the photic zone, does not receive sunlight • Only the ocean and very deep lakes have an aphotic zone

  5. Section 10.1 Aquatic Biomes Depth 3. Benthic zone – the floor of a body of water • It supports microscopic decomposers and scavengers. • Detritus – Tiny pieces of dead organic material that is food. • In shallow water sunlight reaches the benthic zone and plants can grow. • Common fresh water benthic animals are insect larvae, snails, catfish, and turtles.

  6. Section 10.2 Standing-Water Organisms • Plankton – organisms that drift in water. • 2 types • 1. phytoplankton – plant-like plankton that carry out photosynthesis. • To small to see without a microscope. • 2. Zooplankton – animal-like and protist-like plankton that do not carry out photosynthesis. • They feed on phytoplankton.

  7. Section 11.1 The World Ocean 3 Horizontal Distance Zones • 1. The Oceanic Zone – Largest • The open ocean. • Occupies over 90% of the surface area of the world ocean. • Very deep (200 m – 11,000 m below the surface) • Sunlight does not penetrate very deeply into the oceanic zone

  8. Section 11.2 The World Ocean 3 Horizontal Distance Zones • 2. Neritic zone – the ocean region between the edge of the continental shelf and the low tidemark. • Continental shelf – the shallow border that surrounds the continents . • Receive enough sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. • These shallow, warmer waters are most the productive part of the ocean. • Accounts for about 10% of the ocean. • Two types of ecosystems include: Coral Reefs and Estuaries

  9. Section 11.3 The World Ocean 3 Horizontal Distance Zones • 3. Intertidal Zone - Located along the shoreline of the world ocean. • Alternates twice a day between periods of exposure at low tide and high tide • Organisms must be able to withstand the constant pounding of the surf. • Some attach themselves to rock or burrow into the sand. • Often surrounded by wetlands • Ex: salt marshes and mangrove swamps

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