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Understanding Atoms and Chemical Reactions: The Basics of Chemistry

This overview introduces the foundational elements of chemistry, exploring atoms, the building blocks of matter. Atoms consist of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, and an electron cloud with negatively charged electrons. It discusses the periodic table, showcasing 109 elements categorized into metals, nonmetals, and semi-metals. The text covers compounds, mixtures, and the signs of chemical reactions. Additionally, it explains chemical bonds, including ionic and covalent bonds, and the pH scale with indicators for acidity and neutrality.

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Understanding Atoms and Chemical Reactions: The Basics of Chemistry

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Presentation Transcript

  1. CHEMISTRY Mrs. Huls

  2. CHEMISTRY

  3. Atoms • Found in EVERYTHING! • Very, very, very small particles

  4. Parts of an Atom • Nucleus • Proton (positive charge) + • Neutron (neutral or no charge) O • Electron Cloud • Electron (negative charge) -

  5. The Periodic Table of Elements • 109 known elements • Scientists are constantly learning more about elements

  6. Periodic Table of Elements • The elements are separated into 4 groups on the table. They are → metals → nonmetals → semi-metals → made artificially

  7. ElementsThe 4 properties of all elements How it looks How it reacts with other elements How hard it is How it conducts electricity

  8. Compounds • 2 or more elements that chemically combine to form a chemical reaction

  9. A new solid substance is produced A new gas is produced 4 changes that show a Chemical Reaction • A color change • Heat or light is given off

  10. Chemical Bonds • A chemical bond is created every time a compound is created. • There are two types of chemical bonds • Ionic Bonds – the electrons jump • Covalent Bonds – the electrons are shared

  11. Mixtures • A mixture is created when two or more substances undergo a physical change, not a chemical change. • There are three types of mixtures. • Solutions • Suspensions • Colloids

  12. pH • An indicator is used to test the pH of a solution. • The pH scale is from 0-14. • ACID → 0-6.9 RED • BASE → 7.1-14 BLUE • NEUTRAL→ 7 • 2 types of indicators – litmus paper & pH indicator strips

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