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    1. ?????? ??????????????? ???? ??????/?????????????? satoh@sit.ac.jp

    2. ?? ??????????????? ?????? ???????:????? ????????:????? ????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????

    3. ???????????????

    4. ???????? ??? ????????(????????)??????? ?????? ?? 10000km ~ ?? 1km~?? 10m ?????? ????? ?10??~??? ?100?? ??????? 100? 10???????????????? 3? ?????????????????(???)

    5. ??????

    6. ?????????????????

    7. ?????????

    8. ???????????

    9. ???????? ?????:?????? 100km×100km:??????? ????? 1000km×1000km ??:??/??????? ???????? ??3??: ??????

    11. ????????????? ??? ?100×?100×?10=?105 ? 1000×1000×100=108 (???:ES) ????????: ??? 10000km:?x=100km ? 10km ?? 1000km:?x=10km ? 1km ?? 100km:?x=1km

    12. ???????? (????????·????????) ???? ???? ?????,????? ???? ???? ?????(???,????????????) ????(????,????) ????(?????,subgrid??) ?????????(???,?????)

    13. ??????

    14. ?????? ???? ???????????? CFL?? ??·?????? ???? ???????·???

    15. ??????????? ?????????:??or?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????

    16. ????????? ????? ?????

    17. ?????????????(1) ?????

    18. ?????????????(2) ?????????

    19. ??????? ????????????

    20. ??????? ????????????????

    21. ?? ??:??? ???:????:?? ?????:?????????????

    22. ??

    23. ???

    24. CFL(Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy)?? ????? ???, von Neumann ??

    25. ??????CFL?? ?x=10~100km,?z=1km ?? ?t<?x/cs=30s~5min:?t<?z/cs=3~30s ??? ?t< 1/N = 10min ??:U=30m/s,W=?cm/s (??:W=10m/s) ?t< ?x/U=3~30min (?t<?z/W=100s) ?????:?????

    26. ???????

    28. ??????? (?????·???????)

    29. RAMS http://www.aster.com MM5 http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5 ARPS http://www.caps.ou.edu WRF http://wrf-model.org JMA-NHM (???) http://www.mri-jma.go.jp/Project.mrinpd/INDEXJ.htm http://pfi.kishou.go.jp (???????????) CReSS (??) http://www.rain.ihas.nagoya-u.ac.jp/CReSS ???????????

    30. JMA-NHM:??????????

    31. ?????????????? ??????????????????? ???? ??? or ????? ???(HEVE?) ?????(HIVI?) ???????????(HEVI?) ??????????????? (split-explicit)

    32. ?????????????????????????????? ?????? ?x = 10km CFL????t = 10km/300m/s = 30s ?????? ?z = 500m CFL????t = 500m/300m/s = 1.7s ????(HEVE?)???????? ???(HEVE?)

    33. ???(HIVI?)?????

    34. ?????????? ???:Jacobi?, Gauss-Seidel?, SOR? ????? ?????? ????????:????

    35. ?????????? ???:Jacobi?, Gauss-Seidel?, SOR? ????? ?????? ???????? ????

    36. ????????(HEVI?)

    37. Splitting method ??·?????????????????t??? ??????????t??? divergence damping ????????

    38. ?????????????? ???????? ???(HIVI?):???????????? HEVI?:??????????????????????? ? splitting ???????????????????? ??????????? ?? cs=300m/s, ?? U=?10m/s

    39. ?????? Euler?,?????? ????? ? ??? semi-Lagrange ? ????????????? CIP ??? semi-Lagrange ? Godnov, van-Leer,PPM,Lin and Rood(1996)

    40. ????????? diffusion:??????? dispersion: monotonicity(shape-preserving) ??????????????? ???(2??3?)?? limiter ??????????????

    41. ?????

    42. Euler ?

    43. Semi-Lagrange ?

    44. ??? Semi-Lagrange ?

    45. ???? ???? ?????(???,????????????) ????(????,????) ????(?????,subgrid??) ????? ?????????(???,?????)

    46. ??????????? ????? ?????:?????:??·?????·???? ??????:???????????? ???? ????10m??(1km??????): LES ?km??:??????? Moller and Yamada,1?,2?,3??????

    47. ?:????????????? ???????1km vs ??????????100km ??????????????????? Arakawa and Schubert:?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????

    48. ????????

    49. ????????(AGCM) ?????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????? ???·???semi-implicit???? ??,??????,?????????????????

    50. AGCM?????

    51. ?????? ????: s=p/ps =??/????? ???????? F=gz ?????? ??·??

    52. ??·?????

    53. ??????????????? ???????????

    54. ???????????

    55. s????????????

    56. AGCM???:?????? Dynamical Core:Held and Suarez(1994) ????????. ???????????. ???(Aqua Planet):Neale and Hoskins(2000) ?????????.?????.???????. AMIP(Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov ???????????,?????.

    57. Dynamical Core:Held and Suarez DWD T106L19 NCAR Eulerian T42L49 NCAR semi-Lagrange T42L49

    58. Aqua Planet ?? Neale and Hoskins

    59. AMIP Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project

    60. ??????????? ????????

    61. ?????

    63. ES (????????) ????????:640node×8PE ?????40TFLOPS ???10TB

    64. ????????????????? ?????????PE,?????????????????? ???????????????:????????????????:??????,?????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????(USGCRP2000) ?????????????? ???????????????

    65. ????????????? ??? ?100×?100×?10=?105 ? 1000×1000×100=108 (???:ES) ????????: ??? 10000km:?x=100km ? 10km ?? 1000km:?x=10km ? 1km ?? 100km:?x=1km

    66. ???(??10???)?????????(ES)?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????10km ??????????1km ????????????????:1km ??????????????????

    67. ???????????? ???????????

    68. ??????????? ????????:NICAM:Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (?????20???????) ??????????????·???????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????3???????:?????? ?????????:????~10km ???????? ??????????????,??????????????????????????

    69. ?????????????? ????? ????????????(1????) ????????????????? ???????(???,??,??) ????(?????,???,?????,????)

    70. ????

    71. ?20???????

    74. ???????

    75. ????????? Williamson Test Case 5

    76. ??????

    80. ???? For the parallel performance check, I performed the model, changing the number of nodes from 10 to 80. This figure shows the parallel performance of our model. A horizontal axis is the number of PNs. PNs stand for Processor Nodes. One processor node have 8 vector processor. A vertical axis is a GFLOPS value. Flops stand for floating point number operation per second. When the amount of calculation of a model is divided equally to CPU, a gflops value is proportional to the number of CPUs, it becomes like a green line. In our model, gflops value increases like a red line. Ideally, the gflops value in 80 nodes is 8 times in 10 nodes. In our model, the gflops value in 80 nodes is 7.48 times in 10 nodes.For the parallel performance check, I performed the model, changing the number of nodes from 10 to 80. This figure shows the parallel performance of our model. A horizontal axis is the number of PNs. PNs stand for Processor Nodes. One processor node have 8 vector processor. A vertical axis is a GFLOPS value. Flops stand for floating point number operation per second. When the amount of calculation of a model is divided equally to CPU, a gflops value is proportional to the number of CPUs, it becomes like a green line. In our model, gflops value increases like a red line. Ideally, the gflops value in 80 nodes is 8 times in 10 nodes. In our model, the gflops value in 80 nodes is 7.48 times in 10 nodes.

    81. ????????????

    82. ???????NICAM,AFES??T159??Held & Suarez???????????????? ????????? 1?????1???????????????????????????????????NICAM,AFES??T159??Held & Suarez???????????????? ????????? 1?????1????????????????????????????

    83. ????? ?? ?????????????????3??????????????????? ???????? 3.5km ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????

    84. ??? ???????????????. ????????????????????. ??????????,?????, ???????????.???????????????????,????????????????????. ??????,????,????????. ???????????????????????. ??????????????????????????????????????????????. ?km???????,??????????????????????????.

    85. ?????????????????????????. ??????????????????????????????????. ?????????????????????????,3.5km?????????????????????. ?????????,????(??????),??(????),???(???,??,??),????,?????????????????????????

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