UNIT 4 MUSIC AND ENTERTAINMENT

SECTION A LISTENINANG AND SPEAKING TOPIC Aaking for Help and Offing Help Part One SPEAKING UNIT 4MUSIC AND ENTERTAINMENT

New words and expressions • cabinet // n.橱柜 • shelf // n. 架子, 搁板 • stick // v.粘住, 使停止，阻塞 • give sb. a hand 帮忙 • be of any use/help 帮上忙，有用处 • Leading in • I. Do you know what kinds of words or sentences you can use when expressing your thanks and declining others'offers? (Students offer. The teacher writes on the blackboard.) Asking for help • Could you …please? • Would you …please? • Would you mind…? • Would you be so kind as to …? • Do me a favor and …? • I wonder if you could …? • I was wondering if you could …?

Offering help • Can I help you? • May I help you? • Is there anything (else) I can do for you? • Can I do anything to help? • Let me help you. • I'd be willing to … • If there is anything I can do, please let me know. • Is there any way I could (possibly) be of help to you? • Would you like me to… for you? • Shall I …? • Could I …? • If you want anything, just let me know. • If it would be of any use/help, I could …

II. Language Sample • A: Now, what am I to do with the TV cabinet? • B: Oh, just put it by the desk, please. Then come over and give me a hand with this sofa. • A: What seems to be the matter? • B: I can't get it against the wall. It's stuck here. • A: Well, why don't you move the shelf over a little? • A: Good idea. • B: Is there anything else I can do for you? • A: I think that's enough for today. Thanks for your help. • III. Speaking improvement • Task 1. Act out the dialogue above and role-play it. • Task 2. Retell the the dialogue above. • Task 3. Create a new dialogue according to the one above.

PART TWO LISTENING • New words and expressions • cooker // n. 厨具 • date // vt. 约会 • colleague // n.同事 • attend // v.出席, 参加 • promotion // n.提升, 晋级 • unexpected // adj.料想不到的, 突然的 • mend // v. 修补, 修理; 织补, 缝补 • affirmation // n. 肯定, 断言, 证实 • I. Listen to a statement, then make your choice. • . A. Clothes B. Cookers C. Jacket D. Shoes • . A. Husband and wife B. They are dating each other • C. Colleagues D. Brother and sister • . A. Call her B. He doesn't know • C. He told her something D. Visit her • . A. Chinese B. Math C. English D. History • . A. Climing hills B. Climing stairs • C. Having a walking D. Taking a life • 答案：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 A B D C B

1 • II. Listen to Conversation one, then get the correct choice. . A. She is attending a party B. She is fine • C. She got a promotion D. She becomes boss now • .A. Sad B. Unexpected C. Excited D. Worried • III. Listen to Conversation two, then get the correct choice. • . A. Sisters B. Mother and daughter • C. Grandma and the granddaughter D. Friends • . A.To have the skirt mended B. To watch TV • C. To buy a skirt D. To have more time • . A. She is good at mending things B.She loves skirts • C. She prefer mending clother to buying them. • D.She spends a lot time watching TV • 答案：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2 1 2 3 D C B A D

IV. Listen to a passage, answer the following 5 questions. Complete the answer to the question with a word or a short phrase (in not more than 3 words). The questions and incomplete answers are printed already. • 1. Sometimes what is hard? • To put into words. • 2. Why is that hard? • Because our language is sometimes 3. What are words like? • just too to • explain some ideas. • Words are really often . • 4. What is communication through music? • Communication through music is more. • 5. Why is music important? • Because it is an affirmation of. • 答案:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. _______ ______ ________ _______ _______ thought limited masks direct order

Section B • Readings • Part One Intensive Reading • Topi The Great Tenor Pavarotti • Warming Up • Pavarotti is a great tenor in the world, who attracted audiences all over the world for decades. In this passage, we can get more information about him. • 1 Pavarotti was born in Modena, Italy, in 1935, the only child of an opera-loving baker, and sang from childhood. His international career took off in 1963 when he stood in for a singer who had fallen ill. His career has lasted four decades, including cooperation with many stars. Appearances with his fellow performers Placido Domingo and Jose Carreras as the Three Tenors strengthened his attraction.. • 2 He is said that he is one of the greatest tenors of all time. His voice had that sort of unique timber and sweetness, a way of molding words into music. It is not something that other tenors do. People know how good he was, but if you listen to his recordings of thirty years ago, it is still quite startling. There is not anybody at present to match him. • 3 In his youth, he sang in a local opera chorus, with which he traveled to Wales in 1954 to take part in an international singing competition. The chorus won first prize, and as a result the teenage Pavarotti caught the attention of a local professional tenor, who took him on as a pupil even though he could not afford to pay for his lessons. He was a diligent student ( it is a surprise that he cannot read music).

“I am not a natural singer,” he told BBC Music Magazine in 1993. “ I must study. You have to do something with great force under control and it is difficult.” • 4 At 25, he won another singing competition and the prize was a professionalengagement. The experience convinced him that despite its insecurities, a professional career on the opera stage was what he truly wanted. There followed engagements in other places and in 1964 he met sopranoJoan Sutherland, who helped him a lot. It was Sutherland who, standing in front of him and placing his hands on her stomach as she sang, taught him how to use his voice and how to breathe. But she is only one of many people who have shaped his career. Pavarotti is grateful to them to this day. • 5 Opera houses like him very much. Tickets for his London performances sold out immediately, and most of the audiences are there for him. He is great in all senses: wealthy, popular and most of all, talented. • 6 But in 2001, the lucky life seemed to desert him. He appeared in court in Italy, charged with tax evasion to about 40 billion lire (Rmb 168 million) and filling false tax returns between 1989 and 1995. He pleaded not guilty—“ A singer expresses himself in the world. I don’t feel guilty, and if a law says the contrary, I want everyone to know I was acting in completely good faith,” he told the court – and was acquitted. • 7 In 2002 he did not reduce concerts and opera performances across Europe and the United States. • 8 Opera remains his first love, his reason for living. In fact, he has made it his duty to make an art form he loves loved by others.

New words • tenor /tenə/ n. singer with the highest normal adult male voice男高音 • baker /beikə/ n person who cook bread面包师 • decade /dekeid/ n. ten years十年 • timber /taibrə/n. characteristic quality of sound produced by a particular voice or instrument 音质；音色 • mold /məuld/ v. make something from something铸造；塑造 • startle /sta:tl/ v. give a shock of surprise使惊愕；使吃惊 • match /mæt∫/ v. be equal to相比 • chorus /kɔ:rəs/ n. (music for a ) group of singers合唱团 • diligent /diliʤən/ adj. hard-working勤奋的 • engagement /ingeiʤmənt/n. (formal) promise or undertaking, esp one that is formal or made in writing合约 • convince /kənvins/ v. make someone feel certain使相信；使信服 • despite /dispait/ prep. in spite of 尽管；虽然 • insecurity /insikjuərəti/ n. suffer from unreliable feelings不稳定；不安全 • soprano /səpra:nəu/ n. person having the highest singing voice of women • 女高音 • stomach /stΛmək/n. bag-like part of the alimentary canal into which food passes to be digested腹部；胃 • shape /∫eip/ v. give a form塑造 • audience /ɔ:diəns/ n. gathering of persons for the purpose of hearing a speaker, singer, etc 听众；观众

talented /tæləntid/ adj. gifted有才能的；有才干的 • desert /dizə:t/ v. leave; go away from抛弃；丢弃 • court /kɔ:t/ n. place where law cases are held法庭 • charge [t∫a:ʤ] v. accuse指控 • evasion /iveiƷn/ n. escaping逃避；躲避 • lire [liərə/ n. unit of money in Italy里拉 • plead /pli:d/ v. address a court of law as an advocate on behalf of either the plaintiff of the defendant辩护 • guilty /gilti/ adj. having done wrong有罪的 • faith /feiθ/ n. trust; strong belief忠实；忠诚 • acquit /əkwit/ v. give a legal decision that someone is not guilty宣告无罪 • Pavarotti /pævərɔti / n. （人名）帕瓦罗蒂 • Modena /məudənə/ n. （地名）摩德纳 • Placido Domingo /plæsidə də miŋgəu/ n.（人名）普拉奇多·多明戈 • Jose Carreras /kærərəs/ n. （人名）何塞·卡雷拉斯 • Joan Sutherland /sΛθələnd/n.（人名）琼·萨瑟兰 • Phrases and Expressions • stand in for 替代某人 • as a result 结果 • catch the attention of sb. 引起某人的注意 • take on 雇佣；收留 • under control 在控制之下；（使）操作情况良好 • be grateful to sb. 感激

in all senses 从各个方面 • appear in court 到庭 • be charged with 被指控 • plead not guilty 否认有罪 • in good faith 老实地；诚恳地 • Exercises • Complete the following sentences according to the text. • 1) Pavarotti’s voice had that sort of unique and , a way • of . • 2) At 25, Pavarotti won another prize which convinced him that • 3) Pavarotti made it his mission that • 4) In 2001, Pavarotti was accused of • . timber sweetness _____ _______ molding words into music __________________ despite its insecurities, a professional career on the opera stage was what he truly wanted _____________________________________________________ ____________ _____________________________ he makes an art form he loves loved by others ________________________________________________________________ tax evasion to about 40 billion lire (Rmb 168 million) and filling false tax returns between 1989 and 1995

who taught him how to use his voice and how to breathe ______________________________________ a local professional tenor took him on as a pupil _____________________________________ 5) It was Sutherland . 6) Though Pavarotti couldn’t afford to pay for his lessons . • 2. Choose the best choice to fill in each of the blank. • ) He went there to attend that meeting, standing in his • manager. • A of B for C at D from • ) It was his early arrival made him take the good seat for • the lecture. • A which B because C that D what • ) We played on a volleyball . • A ground B field C court D area • ) He is a man of and we all admire him. • A talent B talented C able D abled B 1 C 2 C 3 A 4

C 5 • ) The poor woman as well as her daughters at a street • corner trembling. • A was seen stand B were seen stand • C was seen standing D were seen standing • ) They made great efforts and got the flood control at last. • A in B within C below D under • ) I would have told you the answer if it had been possible, • but I busy then. • A had been B were C was D would be • ) The guests planned to visit the Great Wall the weather • got worse. • A unless B until C on condition that D no matter how • 3. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given • word. • 1) All the audiences were annoyed by his poor • (perform). D 6 C 7 C 8 performance ________

_______ faithful attention _______ wealth _______ • 2) John is a man (faith) to each of his friends. • 3) During the past ten years a great deal of (attend) has • been given to the training of computer programmers. • 4) Which do you think is more important, (wealthy) or • health? • 5) His friends were very surprised at his (engage) to • the girl. • 6) He said that the (photograph) must have had an • accident. • 7) He is writing a report on his (late) invention. • 8) I suspect that no one can avoid (influence) by • advertisements nowadays. engagement _______ photographer ________ latest ______ being influenced ____________

1 • 4. Translate the following English sentences. • ) Appearances with his fellow performers Placido Domingo • and Jose Carreras as the Three Tenors strengthened his • attraction. • ) His voice had that sort of unique timber and sweetness, a way • of molding words into music. • ) There is not anybody at present to match him. • ) He is great in all senses: wealthy, popular and most of all, • talented. 他与他的伙伴普拉奇多·多明戈和何塞·卡雷拉斯作为“三大男高音”同台演出，更增强了他的吸引力。 2 他的声音有那种独特的音色和甜润，是那种用语言浇铸成的音乐。 3 现在没有人能比得上他。 4 无论从哪方面来说，他都是十分超群的：富有，声明显赫，最重要的是富有天赋。

5 实际上，他把让自己所热爱的一种艺术形式也为他人所喜爱作为自己的使命。 • ) In fact, ha has made it his mission to make an art form he • loves loved by others. 5. Translate the following Chinese sentences. • ) 无论从哪方面来讲，这件事情的后果都是非常严重的。( in all senses) • ）有人指控这位警察玩忽职守。（charge with） • ) 由于扩大生产，他们雇佣了更多的工人。(take on) 1 The consequence of the matter is very serious in all senses. 2 The policeman was charged with the neglecting of his duty. 3 They have taken on more workers for the need of expanding production.

4 Because Li Ming is on holiday, the boss asked me to stand in for him to attend the lecture. • ) 李明正在度假，老板让我替代他去听讲座。（stand in for） • 6. Retell the main experiences in Pavarotti’s life. Part Two Extensive Reading • The Healing Effects of Music • New words and Expressions • stimulate /stimjuleit/ v.激励 • heal /hil/ v. 治愈 • therapy /erpi/ n.治疗理疗 • nonverbal /nnvbl/ a.非言语表达的 • recreation /rekriein/ n.消遣娱乐 • symptom /simptm/ n. 症状症候 • diversion /daivn/ n. 娱乐 • permission /pmin/ n.许可 • match /mt/ v.匹配 • entirety /intaiti / n.整个全部 • observe /bzv / vt.观察

Music is one of the greatest creations in human history. For many centuries, music has been considered as a useful tool to get comfort and relaxation. A lot of studies show the fact that music has many good qualities. It stimulates our brain, awakens our feelings, calms our mind, helps us sleep and expands our thinking. Besides, music is helpful for healing. That is to say, music, used in the proper way, has its healing effect. We call this kind of music healing music. • Today, in many countries, music is widely used as a kind of therapy, to be exact, a nonverbal kind of therapy. In fact, there are many applications of music therapy in our everyday lives, such as the application of education, behavior, healing and recreation.Many studies show that music therapy is very effective, so it is now acceptable in some hospitals. For instance, some university hospitals in Japan use music therapy to reduce certain physical symptoms such as headache (caused by strain). Music therapy is a growing occupation and in the U.S. alone, some 68 universities offer programs to learn music therapy. • Music can also be used as a diversion. Often we seek help from music to take our attention away from an unpleasant or unwanted situation. We can play bright and happy music so as not to feel disappointed or sad. Music, in this sense, can help to reduce anxiety and pain, and bright us to another wonderful reality that we hope for. • Actually, whether music can be healing or not just depends on the listeners’ need. For instance, prayer is a big part of healing and music that goes with the prayer will also lead to healing. Generally speaking, healing needs a process that comes from the heart, love, understanding and permission to feel everything. To get the most from the healing music, we may take some helpful suggestions as follows:

1) Select the music that can serve our purpose best. • 2) Consider music order that totally matches our current mood rather than • the mood we wish to get. • 3) Speakers rather than headphones are good to listen to the music. • 4) To prepare ourselves to listen, take off our shoes, stand relaxed, sit or • lie down and breathe. • 5) Listen to the music in its entirety without any interruption. • 6) Use music as the future, not as the past. • 7) Listen to the music actively, not passively. • 8) Observe the mind/body connection. • 9) When the music stops, enjoy the silence for a few moments. • I. Choose the best answer for each of the following statements • according to the text. • . What is mainly discussed in this text ? • A. The major categories of music. • B. People’s attitude toward music. • C. The developing history of healing music. • D. The effect of healing music. D 1

C 2 • . According to the text, the good qualities of music include all of the • following EXCEPT_____. • A. stimulating our brain • B. awakening our feelings • C. harming our hearing • D. broadening our thinking • . According to the text, music in many countries is used as ____. • A. a way of reasoning • B. a kind of therapy • C. a sort of sleeping treatment • D. a means of entertainment • . Which of the following is NOT described as applications of music • therapy? • A. Recreation. • B. Behavior. • C. Education. • D. Society. • . We can bring down our anxiety and pain by ____. • A. learning music therapy • B. playing bright and happy music • C. singing alone • D. listening to disappointing or sad music B 3 D 4 B 5

A 6 • . It is implied in the text that ____. • A. more and more people will take music therapy as their profession • B. only people in the U.S. understand the healing effect of music • C. most physical symptoms of patients are treated with musical therapy in • Japan • D. the healing effect of music is more accepted in U.S. than in Japan • . Whether music can be effective or not depends on ____. • A. melody of the music • B. popularity of the music • C. listeners’ understanding of the music • D. listeners’ need for the music • . Which of the following words best describes the author’s tone in the text? • A. Instructive (教育性的) • B. Dubious (怀疑的) • C. Indifferent (无关紧要的) • D. Sarcastic (讽刺的) • . Translate the first paragraph into Chinese with the help of a dictionary. D 7 A 8 II 音乐是人类历史上最伟大的创造之一。许多世纪以来，音乐一直被认为是人们寻求安慰和放松的一种有用工具。许多研究表明:音乐有很多好处。它可以激发智慧；唤醒感觉；平静思绪并有助于睡眠和拓宽思路。此外，音乐可以帮助治病。也就是说，适当地利用音乐可以起到医疗作用。我们称这种音乐为治疗音乐。

where _____ though _____ ____ it • Ⅲ. Fill in each blank of the following paragraph with an appropriate • word. • When I was 14, I got a job at the local hospital, 1 ) I was told that my duties would include mopping floors. Even 2 ) my job did not pay much, I was thrilled to have any work to do at all. I didn’t see 3 ) as a handicap (障碍) but 4 ) a challenge, 5) it was my first job. I learned to be punctual and to meet certain standards. 6 ) return, I was treated 7 ) respect by the hospital staff and the patients. Each morning I imagined that the plates coated 8 ) oatmeal (燕麦粥) would only make patients more sick, 9) I were not there to wash them clean. Once breakfast was over, I worked hard to mop the floors of all the patient wards (病房), and clean the toilets. Though I was very tired, I wanted the job to be done well. People would beam and say, “That young guy surely does a good job.” That 10) me a great sense of pride. _____ because as _____ In ______ ______ with with ______ if _____ _____ gave

Part One Grammar • Modal Verbs (情态动词) • 情态动词表示说话人对事情的态度、需要、可能、意愿、义务等，与实义动词原形一起构成谓语。 • 一、can / could • 表示能力、客观可能性、请求许可；could常用于过去时态或虚拟语气。 • Could I have the dictionary when you have finished it? • She said that she couldn’t come to the party. • Can you understand what I mean? • 二、may / might • 1. 表示请求许可、可能性；might常用于过去时态或虚拟语气。 • May I come in? • People may not pick flowers in the garden. • 2. may表示事实上的可能性，而can表示逻辑上的客观可能性。 • The road may be blocked. (It is possible that the road is blocked.) • The road can be blocked. (It is possible to block the road.) • 3. may / might + be + V-ing (动作动词) 表示对正在发生的情况的猜测；may / might + be have+ V-ed表示对已经发生的情况的猜测。 • They may be watching the live broadcast of the football match. • He might have misunderstood his girlfriend. (对已经发生情况的猜测 ) • You might have succeeded if you had been more careful. (虚拟语气)

三、must / have to • 1. 表示必须、推测；must + be + V-ing (动作动词) 表示对正在发生的情况的猜测；must+ be have+ V-ed表示对已经发生的情况的猜测。 • They must be the re by 10 o’clock. • You don’t have to worry about that. • The little boy must be sick for he looks so pale. • She must have arrived by now. • 2. must 和have to都可以表示“必须”、“不得不”，但must表示的是说话人的主观看法；而have to表示的却是客观的需要。 • I must go now. • I have to go now. • 3. 在回答由must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t，而需要用needn’t 或don’t have to。 • — Must we hand in the term paper this week? • — Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. • 四、should / ought to • 1. 表示应该。和should差不多，只是语气稍重一些。 • We should be strict in all our work. • I think you ought to follow your parent’s advice. • 2. should / ought to + have + V-ed表示过去应该做但没有做的事情，否定式表示过去不该做但却做了的事情。 • You should / ought to have completed these application forms.

五、will / shall /would • 表示征求对方意见、意愿等。shall用于主语是第二或第三人称的陈述句中时，一般表示说话人的允诺、警告；否定形式则表示禁止或威胁。 • Will you take a message for us? • Shall we begin now? • He promised that he would help us. • You shall do as I tell you to. • You shan’t get away with it. • 六、need • 表示需要、必须，通常用于否定句和疑问句。 • He needn’t do that now. • I need ask my tutor for a leave. • 七、dare • 表示敢于做某事，通常用于否定句和疑问句。 • How dare you talk to your teacher like that? • She dare not do so. • 注意：need和dare也可用做行为动词，其变化与一般动词相同。 • The little girl needs a new dictionary. • We need to think it over. • Who dares to go? • She dares not to do so.

____ can Must _____ ____ Shall might _____ ___ May • Task 1 Fill in the blanks with the proper modal verbs. • 1. Please be quiet! I not hear her clearly. • 2. we get up at six o’clock tomorrow morning? • 3. we start the meeting now? • 4. Ms. White doesn’t answer the bell. She be asleep. • 5. I smoke here? • 6. you please wait me for a moment?7. They finish it by themselves. • 8. Today, the students decide how to use the computers of • tomorrow. • 9. The story was so funny that the children help laughing. • 10. You read the newspaper if you don’t want to. • Task 2 Choose the best answer. • . _______ you please tell me how to get to the post office? • A. Shall B. Will C. Should D. May • . _______ I have a word with your mother? • A. May B. Need C. Must D. Might • . Linda was not in her bedroom last night. She ________ in the library. • A. should have been B. must be • C. must have been D. should be Could _____ __________ must / shall _________ must / have to couldn’t ________ needn’t _______ B 1 A 2 C 3

D 4 A 5 A 6 • . You ______ pay the money, but you _______ do so at once. • A. need, needn’t B. needn’t, must • C. must, mustn’t D. must, needn’t • . A man ______ lead a horse to the water, but he ______ not make it drink. • A. may, can B. can, may C. may, may D. can, can • . Mr. Zhang _____ be in Xiamen because I saw him in town only a few • minutes ago. • A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. isn’t able to • . “No one ______ that to her face, you know.” • A. dare says B. dare to say C. dare say D. dares say • . Come and lend me a hand, _______? • A. can you B. do you C. shall you D. will you • . You ________ them that the day before. • A. ought to tell B. should not tell • C. must not have told D. ought not to have told • . As I have nothing to do now, I _______ as well go shopping with you. • A. should B. would C. might D. could C 7 D 8 D 9 C 10

Part Two Practical writing • Letter of Introduction (介绍信) • 介绍信包括私人介绍信、单位介绍信以及对外贸易业务介绍信函。我们日常生活中常接触的是前两种。 • 介绍信要写得简短，但要写明被介绍人的身份，以及写介绍信的目的、原因。介绍信在某种意义上是恳求收信人照顾和帮助被介绍人，所以还应该向收信人表示感谢。常用的句型有： • I take pleasure in introducing … • I am pleased to introduce… • This will introduce … • The bearer of this note, Mr. X, plans to … • I am giving this letter to X, a good friend of mine, who is going to … • Sample 1 • June 13, 2008 • Dear Mr. Hank, • I have the pleasure to introduce to you Li Ming, a student of mine. He is going to spend a few days and do some research in your farm. I shall be much obliged if you will do him any favor. • Yours, • Li Lu

Sample2 • May 5, 2007 • Dear Sir or Madam, • The bearer of the letter is Miss Liu Na, our manager of sales and marketing department, has been assigned to do a marketing propaganda of our company’s new product around the North China. We should esteem it a great favor if you would afford her the necessary data and information. • Yours faithfully, • Zhang kuo • General Manager

Task 1 尊敬的××先生/女士：兹有我公司市场销售部经理刘娜女士被任命到华北地区进行新产品的市场宣传。如果您能提供相关的必要资料和信息，我们将不胜感激。总经理张括敬上 2007年5月5日 Translate the sample 2 into Chinese. • Write a letter of introduction according to the following • information. • 假如你是梁欣，你想介绍你们公司的售后服务部秘书吕小姐去客户那里 • 进行技术服务。希望他们能给予支持，并对公司的工作提出宝贵的建议 • 和意见。 Task 2 22 September, 2006 Dear Sir or Madam, I have the pleasure to introduce Miss. Lu, the bearer of this letter. She is the secretary of our after-sale service department and is going to provide technological service among our customers. Will you please give her some necessary help and guidance? I shall very much appreciate your valuable suggestions. Yours faithfully, Liang Xin

Part Three Translation • Translation of Multiple(倍数的翻译) • 数词的翻译常见于科技论文中，所以对数词的翻译一定要准确，否则可能会带来很严重的后果。 • 一、“increase，raise，rise， be，go up，speed up +by+倍数/数字百分比”。 • The price of the washing machine went up by 20%. • 该种洗衣机的价格增长了20%。 • Industrial production increased by three times in the past two years. • 在过去的两年中，工业产量提高了三倍。 • 注意：decrease，reduce，drop，fall用在该结构中，表示相反意义。 • Steel production has fallen by 10% over two years. • 两年来钢产量已下跌10%。 • 二、倍数+the size (length，width，breadth，depth，value，etc) +of/that 这种结构应该译成“A是B的n倍”或“A比B多/少 n-1倍”。 • This river is four times the depth of that river. • 这条河比那条河水深三倍。/这条河水的深度是那条河的四倍。 • 三、倍数+as+形容词/副词/+as这种结构应该译成“A是B的n倍”或“A比B多/少 n-1倍”。

Petrol now is twice as expensive as it was several years ago. • 现在汽油的价格是几年前的两倍。/ 现在汽油的价格比几年前高一倍。 • 四、倍数+形容词/副词的比较级/+than 这种结构应该译成“A比B多/少 n倍”。 • Water conducts heat about 20 times better than air does. • 水的导热性大约比空气强20倍。 • Task Translate the following sentences into Chinese. • . The government will also give discounts of up to 80% for residents for bus • tickets to encourage people to leave their cars at home. • . The corn output in the area has gone up by three times. • . Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need every day. • . His weight is double what it was ten years ago. 1 政府也将为公交车票打八折以鼓励市民少开私家车出行。 2 该地区玉米产量增长了3倍。 3 美国人每天所吃的蛋白质是他们实际需要的两倍。 4 他的体重是十年前的两倍。

Part Four Reading skills • Fast Reading (快速阅读) • 成组阅读（phase reading） • 快速阅读是利用视觉运动的规律，通过一定的方法训练，在较短的时间里，迅速接受有用信息的一种科学的阅读方法。其目的是在注意力高度集中的状态下，获取有价值的信息。实现快速阅读的基本首先是养成成组阅读（phase reading）的习惯。 • 成组阅读（phase reading）指的是一组词一组词地进行阅读。其具体训练方式为：将句子分成若干个组或者意群，用“/”隔开；训练时，一眼读完一组词，稍作停顿，再一眼读完第二组。意群的划分一般以语法单位为标准，即主语部分、谓语部分、宾语部分、状语部分等等。在最初的训练中，也可根据实际情况将意群划分为更小的中心词与修饰语。练习成组阅读时要处理好“扩”与“缩”的关系。即最大限度地扩大“eye span”（每一次目光扫视时所能包含、理解的信息量）；同时缩小“eye fixation”（目光在一个意群上的停留时间）。 • 例如： • Wind farms • The biggest threat/ facing the world today/ is climate change,/ brought about by global warming. /Unless we act now,/ the very future existence /of the human race /could be threatened. /It is vital/ that we make a serious effort/ to move to renewable energy /or /we will have no hope /of halting or reversing the effects of global warming./ The result?/ Disastrous!/ Disastrous for wildlife;/ Disastrous for the countryside;/ Disastrous for the planet. /What can we do/ to prevent such a disaster? /There are many things,/ but one very important thing/ we can do now /is to support the use of clean energy /from renewable sources. /Wind farms offer us/ one way to create this kind of energy/ and help our planet to survive.

当然，这种意群的具体划分，会因人而异。我们可以根据自己的实际情况，进行这方面的练习。成组阅读的习惯一旦养成，就不要再打这种斜线了。但是，一定要注意处理好“扩”与“缩”的关系。当然，这种意群的具体划分，会因人而异。我们可以根据自己的实际情况，进行这方面的练习。成组阅读的习惯一旦养成，就不要再打这种斜线了。但是，一定要注意处理好“扩”与“缩”的关系。 • 实践演练： • 用斜线将下列句子分成适宜于快速阅读的意群单位，每天快速阅读3次，并注意每天的阅读速度是否提高。 • A number of years ago (1983-1987), I had the opportunity to play the character of Ronald McDonald for the McDonald’s Corporation. My marketplace covered most of Arizona and a portion of Southern California. • 阅读时间:____ • The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is starring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to hi. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. • 阅读时间:____ • 3. The Olympic Games are the biggest international sports competition on earth. Every four years thousands of athletes from all over the world take part in individual and team sports, and billions of people watch the Olympics on television. Both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games are held every four years, the Winter Olympic Games are usually held two years before the Summer Olympic Games. • 阅读时间:____

SECTION D • CULTUREAL TIPS • Michael Jackson（迈克尔·杰克逊） • Michael Jackson（迈克尔·杰克逊）被誉为流行音乐之王（King of Pop），是继猫王之后，西方流行乐坛最具影响力的音乐家,其成就超越猫王，是出色的音乐全才。作词，作曲，场景制作，编曲，演唱，舞蹈，乐器演奏都有着卓越的成就。他融合了黑人节奏蓝调与白人摇滚的独特的MJ乐风，时而高亢愤疾、时而柔美灵动的嗓音，空前绝后的高水准音乐录影，规模宏大的演唱会无不在世界各地引起极大轰动，他在全球范围内拥有亿万歌迷，他拥有世界销量第一的专辑《THRILLER》，其唱片总销量数以亿计（2006年底统计，其正版专辑销量已超过7.5亿），被载入“吉尼斯世界大全”。他魔幻般的舞步更是让无数的明星效仿。2006年，吉尼斯世界纪录颁发了一个最新认证：世界历史上最成功的艺术家。他一个人支持了世界上39个慈善救助基金会，保持着2006年的吉尼斯世界个人慈善纪录，是全世界以个人名义捐助慈善事业最多的人。有人说迈克尔杰克逊是一个神奇的怪物，浑身上下充满了一股神秘的力量，在音乐响起时他的节奏能带动全世界的脉搏。他对“Heal the world”的演绎更是将他的音乐才能发挥到了极致。Heal the world是一首呼唤世界和平的歌曲，十分优秀，歌词倡导人们保护和珍惜我们的环境，让战争远离，世界和平，我们的心中都有一个地方，那就是爱，让我们营造一个没有战争、没有荒地，生机勃勃，到处充满了温暖和关怀的世界，让孩子们可以自由的欢笑，让世界充满爱.

Heal the World 拯救世界[歌词大意] • there's a place in your heart，and I know that it is love，and this place could be much，brighter than tomorrow，and if you really try，you'll find there's no need to cry，in this place you'll feel，there's no hurt or sorrow，there are ways to get there，if you care enough for the living，make a little space，make a better place ...heal the world， make it a better place，for you and for me，and the entire human race，there are people dying，if you care enough for the living，make it a better place，for you and for me，if you want to know why，there's love that cannot lie，love is strong，it only cares of joyful giving，if we try we shall see，in this bliss we cannot feel fear or dread；we stop existing and start living，the it feels that always ，love's enough for us growing，so make a better world，make a better place ...heal the world，make it a better place for you and for me，and the entire human race，there are people dying，if you care enough for the living，make a better place for you and for me，and the dream we were conceived in，will reveal a joyful face，and the world we once believed in，will shine again in grace，then why do，we keep strangling life，wound this earth, crucify its soul，though it's plain to see，this world is heavenly，be god's glow，we could fly so high，let our spirits never die，in my heart，i feel you are all my brothers，create a world with no fear，together we cry happy tears，see the nations turn their swords into plowshares，we could really get there，if you cared enough for the living，make a little space to make a better place ...heal the world，make it a better place for you and for me，and the entire human race，there are people dying ，if you care enough for the living，make a better place for you and for me...there are people dying，if you care enough for the living，make a better place for you and for me.…

UNIT 4 MUSIC AND ENTERTAINMENT