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IP-Enabling The Global Telephone Directory

ENUM. IP-Enabling The Global Telephone Directory. Rom Mattesich, CEO rmattesich@stratum1.com Stratum 1, Inc. Miami Internet Telephony Conference Session D-5 February 7, 2003. E.164 … A Major Accomplishment of the 20 th Century.

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IP-Enabling The Global Telephone Directory

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  1. ENUM IP-Enabling The Global Telephone Directory Rom Mattesich, CEO rmattesich@stratum1.com Stratum 1, Inc. Miami Internet Telephony Conference Session D-5 February 7, 2003

  2. E.164 … A Major Accomplishment of the 20th Century • Over a billion people can be reached with a single telephone number. • E.164 Numbering plan is the “glue” that made complex network connections happen • …with one of the simplest user interfaces ever, the 12 digits DTMF pad! • … comprehensible in every language known to civilization. R. Mattesich

  3. E.164 … Chocking On Its Own Success Tracking a Go-Getter by his business card: Company____________________ Name_______________________ Title________________________ Address_____________________ Reach Info: Main. Tel No:______ E-Mail:_________ Direct Tel No:______ SMS Screen Name:___ Toll Free No:_______ DID for Callback___ Voice Mail:_________ Company URL:____ Fax No:____________ Personal URL:_____ Cellular No1:____________ Cellular No2:____________ Pager No:______________ Home No:______________ R. Mattesich

  4. E.164… Chocking on its Own Success(II) • Numbers are a scarce resource • They are being depleted much faster than population growth • Cellular subs/family unit require more numbers/family • Number portability escalates consumption of tel. numbers • Number of new area codes is multiplying • Cost and inconvenience of cutover to new codes are very burdensome to the public. • More E.164 digits are almost inevitable! (Four more are possible in the NANP) R. Mattesich

  5. Goals • Customer should not consume more than one fully qualified E.164 address for each of the many forms of access and services which he/she needs to survive/prosper in the age of convergence and mobility • Customers should screen form/time/priority of access at their convenience • VoIP will be truly ubiquitous by making the PSTN/Internet transition seamless and transparent to subscribers R. Mattesich

  6. ENUM – The Promising Solution • The IETF’s ENUM protocol offers the best opportunity for full integration of PSTN and IP Networks by mapping E.164 numbers into fully qualified DNS numbers. • The full functionality of the Internet becomes accessible through the simplest device ever, the POTS phone! • Communication phone to phone, phone to computer, and/or IP-enabled phones becomes seamless and transparent to users. • “Enhanced values” services like Unified Messaging will finally have a chance to blossom • Wireless based Internet access much friendlier w/ENUM R. Mattesich

  7. A Brief Review- The E.164 NUMBERING PLAN E.164 is the international public telecommunication numbering plan administered by the ITU. It defines number structure and functionality for four principal categories of numbers: Geographic Areas, Global Services, Networks, and Groups of Countries. R. Mattesich

  8. Number structure for geographic area E.164 Structure Country Code/WZ National Destination Code (optional) Subscriber Number cc=1-3 digits maximum 15-cc digits National (significant) number International public telecommunication number for geographic areas (maximum 15 digits) USA Example +1 305-555- 1212 Example of a fully qualified E.164 Number R. Mattesich

  9. Early Application of E.164 To Internet Established Carriers Int’l Connection IX IX SS7 Signaling Xavier TX TX Yvonne IP/ATM-Net One Stage Dialing One Stage Dialing LX LX Two Stage Dialing + Authentication May dial 30+ digits! Two Stage Dialing + Authentication Gateway Gateway IP-Net Gateway does: (1)Convert TDM to IP (2) Map dest. E.164 to IP addr of remote gateway (3) Localize dest E.164 for pulsing by remote gtwy. Legend: LX=Local Exchange TX=Tandem Exchange IX=International Exchange Competitive By passers R. Mattesich

  10. Communication with IP-Enabled Phone Yvonne SIP Server for 12.12.12.1 Xavier IP IP Phone 305-555-1212 SIP Gateway IP PSTN 3.SIP gateway maps 305-555-1212 to IP Address 12.12.12.1 2.PSTN maps and routes Yvonne's E.164 number to near-end gateway 4. Server completes call on SIP port to Yvonne 1.Xavier single stage dials Yvonne at 305-555-1212 • Above communication is seamless and transparent to both X & Y • Requires static translation from E.164 to IP address (at SIP gtwy) • Common today, but not scalable because: • IP Addresses can change dynamically (DHCP) • Yvonne cannot roam • Difficult to reroute under failure R. Mattesich

  11. ENUM – Captures The Power of DNS for Dynamic Addressing Uniform Resource Location (URL) E.164 Number Map Into What is ENUM? Enum is the name used by the world telephone numbering working group of the IETF to describe a unique method of using the Internet DNS to map E.164 numbers to URL’s. R. Mattesich

  12. A New Home for ENUM on the Internet…Top Level Domain Names R. Mattesich

  13. An Example of ENUM Mapping Yvonne’s Number’s undergoes following conversions: From + 1-305-555-1212 “Fully Qualified E.164 Number” To 2.1.2.1.5.5.5.5.0.3.1.e164.arpa“Fully qualified URL” To 13055551212“Strip all non digit symbols” To 21215555031 “Reverse string, most important digits read from left to right. Same priority as in URL’s” • The “.” between the digits, create nodes in the DNS hierarchy • Responsibility for DNS Admin can now be delegated to successive layer of authority and multiple operators comparable to systems in place for E.164 Admin. R. Mattesich

  14. ENUM- Search Algorithm .root 404 Error Internet Resource Not Found Alternate route to PSTN! Top Level Domain Names .arpa .uk .com .int .e164 4.4. (uk) .co .itu 1.nanp 3.3. (fr) (“ARPA” as a TLD is a subject of some international controversy) 8.8.0.1.6.3.4.5.0.3. for 305-436-1088 R. Mattesich

  15. ENUM Builds Upon the Power of DNS Control Characters URI Above services are all available from a single number • A FQDN Query to DNS produces an “A” record, which returns an IP Address, e.g., • Yvonne@company.com 129.171.15.23 • An ENUM call to DNS (2.1.2.1.5.5.5.5.0.3.1.e164.arpa), allows Yvonne to advertise a number of services. Examples: • $ORIGIN 2.1.2.1.5.5.5.5.0.3.1.e164.arpa “Yvonne’s the owner” IN NAPTR 100 10 “u” “sip+E2U” “!^.*$!sip:yvonne@sip.company.com!” “Phone me via SIP” IN NAPTR 100 10 “u” “mailto+E2U” “!^.*$!mailto:yvonne@mail.company.com!” “or email me” IN NAPTR 100 10 “u” “http+E2U” “!^.*$!http://www.yvonne.company.com!” “look me up in my personal web site” IN NAPTR 103 10 “u” “tel+E2U” “!^.*$!tel:+1305-555-9999!” “Try me on the cellular” R. Mattesich

  16. Dialing an IP-Enabled Phone...The ENUM Way 4. DNS Server returns NAPTR sip: yvonne@company.com 6.DNS responds w/A Record 12.12.12.1 3. Sip gateway queries 2.1.2.1.5.5.5.5.0.3.1.e164.arpa 5.Gateway selectsNAPTR sip:yvonne@company.com DNS Servers Yvonne PSTN IP Network Xavier IP SIP Server for 12.12.12.1 Sip Gateway 2. PSTN maps and routes Yvonne’s E.164 number to near-end gateway. IP Phone 305-555-1212 7..Gateway completes call To SIP port on server 12.12.12.1 1. Xavier single stage dials Yvonne at 1-305-555-1212 • Above communication is seamless and transparent to both X & Y • SIP Gateways dips into DNS twice: • (1) Get List of Yvonne’s Services • (2) Selected service is sent back to DNS to get destination IP (A Record) R. Mattesich

  17. ENUM – The Promise and The Bane • ENUM essentially maps a multiplicity of services to a single telephone number • Creation/Provision of these services is an edge function… not embedded in the network, such us with IN/SS7/SCP. • The transformation is profound: value added services such as call forwarding, number translation, conference calling, and many more, will be created by enterprises and consumers, not telephone companies! R. Mattesich

  18. Who Owns The Numbers? • ENUM’s records point to traditional telephony as well as to all sorts of Internet services. • Telephony, as well as ISP’s, may claim rights to blocks of numbers. • Consumers may want to demand different services (under the same ENUM) from different providers. • One ENUM can point to multiple providers. R. Mattesich

  19. Conceptual ENUM Admin Hierarchy Goal: Promote Competition w/o Chaos. Tight administrative coupling is necessary between E.164 and ENUM Registries Most Likely Assignee: E164Country Registrar (Neustar in the USA) Fully Competitive Level R. Mattesich

  20. ENUM Raises Important, Unresolved Social Issues • Privacy: Democratic countries (US in particular) shun One Number ID. • A popular Internet command (WHOIS) reveals much contact info about registrant • ENUM Info needs some protection from third parties • Consequences of spammers/pornographers getting hold of ENUM data can be devastating to users • These issues are still being debated, but value of ENUM is so compelling that most problems are likely to be resolved soon. R. Mattesich

  21. ENUM Raises Important, Unresolved Social Issues • Privacy: Democratic countries (US in particular) shun One Number ID. • A popular Internet command (WHOIS) reveals much contact info about registrant • ENUM Info needs some protection from third parties • Consequences of spammers/pornographers getting hold of ENUM data can be devastating to users • These issues are still being debated, but value of ENUM is so compelling that most problems are likely to be resolved soon. R. Mattesich

  22. Who Is Behind ENUM? CompaniesStandard BodiesCountries • NeuStar • Verisign • AT&T • Telcordia • Cisco • US • EU • France • Sweden • Switzerland • Austria • Korea • Australia • IAB • IETF • ITU R. Mattesich

  23. Implementations of ENUM and ENUM-like systems: US • NeuStar’s Public Trial (www.enum.org) • Verisign’s WebNum (www.webnum.com) • Netnumbers (www.netnumber.com) • ENUMNic (www.enumnic.net) • ENUMWorld (www.enumworld.com) R. Mattesich

  24. Implementations of ENUM: Other Countries • France: Numerobis • http://www.telecom.gouv.fr/rnrt/projets/res_02_44.htm • Austria: Austria ENUM Site • http://enum.nic.at/ • Korea: KRNIC • http://www.enum.or.kr/ • Sweden: Post and Telestvrelsen • http://www.pts.se/tele_niva3.asp?avdelning=lev3_enum&uavdelning=tele_niva3&u2avdelning=workshop&lang=&header=Can • Switzerland: Swiss Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM) • http://www.ofcom.ch/en/telekommunikation/nummerierung/enum/index.html R. Mattesich

  25. ENUM… A Knowledge Base on The Internet • Check up some useful document/web sites to get more info: • RFC 2915: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2915.txt • RFC 2916: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2916.txt • ENUM working group charter: http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/enum-charter.html • SIP working group charter: http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/sip-charter.html • Web site for IANA: http://www.iana.org • Web site for ICANN: http://www.icann.org • International Telecommunications Union (ITU): http://www.itu.int • Search for E.164 R. Mattesich

  26. Some Key Terms Related to ENUM • DNS Domain Name System • NS Name Server (for a domain) • NAPTR Naming Authority Pointer • URI Uniform Resource Identifier • URL Uniform Resource Locator • E2U E.164 to URI conversion • $ORIGIN followed by originating domain name • SIP Session Initiation Protocol (similar to HTTP) popular for VoIP • PSTN Public Switched Telephony Network R. Mattesich

  27. Thank You for Your Attention! Any Questions? Rom Mattesich rmattesich@stratum1.com Tel: 305-436-1088 Copies of this presentation are available at : www.stratum1.com/press/whitepapers.html R. Mattesich

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