Elements of Literature Power Point Series

1. Elements of Literature Power Point Series “It’s in the sauce.”

2. Point of View: Where the Words are coming from. Function: • Provides the reader with the _____ of _________ for the whole story. • Establishes the ______ angle of the story. • Determines the ______ of the story. • 1st ______: “I” tells the story. • We are inside a single person’s ____ and _____, so we see what they see, and the action is _______ to the perspective of one individual. • The narrator then becomes one of the ____________ of the story.

3. POV continued • 3rd Person _______: A narrator tells the story but only reveals the ____ life of one character. • The protagonist is referred to as “he” or “she.” • (i.e. Harry Potter and Twilight) • 3rd Person ________: A narrator tells the story from an all knowing point of view, revealing the inner life of ___ character they choose. • The protagonist is referred to as he or she. • Multiple ___ characters…epic size story. • (i.e. The DaVinci Code…The Chronicles of Narnia.)

4. Questions for analysis of Point of View • Why did the author choose this ________ point of view? • What does the ______ of point of view reveal about the author’s overall _______?

5. Plot: The way the author _______ the events in a story. Function: • Creates the cause/effect ____ that allows the story to ____ together. • Controls the ____ of the story. • Gives the right hints at the right times to ______ the reader in the story. • Introduces, develops, and ________ the key conflicts that make the story worth telling.

6. Beginning, Middle and End…Duh But it is not that simple. Plot _______ the most important aspects of life. Here are __ ways to look at it. • Exposition…_____ Action…Climax…Resolution. • Traditional view. Stories come full circle. • W…W…W…end. (Should I stay or should I go?) • Confusion and ______ of emotion. • 3 Acts: Act I: Define characters, ______, and goals. Act II: Create _______ for characters and bring them to the brink of _______. Act III: Create the _______ moment where the character rises or _____, and then wrap up the story.

7. Questions for analysis of plot • Why did the author choose to ______ the details the way they did? • Where are the key ________ points in the story? • i.e. exposition to rising action…rising action to climax • Is there anything significant about what the author chooses to _____ ___? • What does the author do to create _______? • Jumps in time or place. • Foreshadowing, back story, etc. • Changes in point of view. • Are there any recognizable ______ in the action? • What events in the story ______ the theme?

8. Key Terms related to plot • Foreshadowing: Use of an event or plot detail to help the reader _____ at what is coming in the story. • Back Story: The part of a character’s story/past that is ___ ____ directly in the story. • “In Medias Res”: The technique of starting a story in the _____ of an event/conflict, _______ the reader to catch up. • Flashback: A ____ in ____ back to an event that occurred previously to the story’s plot.

9. Setting: The ____ and place in which the events of a story occur. Function: • Creates the mood and ____ of the overall story. • Establishes the cultural/social ____ of the story. • Transports reader into ____ world. Reader experiences “_______ of disbelief.”

10. SIFT your way through the setting. • Pay attention to places where the author has _______ the setting in ______ detail. • Pay attention to _____, shape, and _____ of things in the setting. • Pay attention to objects that have inherent symbolic characteristics: bridges, animals or flowers, ______, natural _____, sexual, religious, or _____ symbols, etc.

11. Questions for analysis of setting? • What characterizes the author’s ____ as he describes the setting? -or in other words- What ____ is established? • What ______ concepts can be best associated with the time and place of the story? • What _____ conflicts are created by the time and place of the story?

12. Key Terms related to setting • Hyperbole- use of ____ exaggeration to create a ______ effect. • Local Color- use of details that provide _________ to a particular area or _____. • Allegorical- A story where all aspects of the setting take on ______ meanings. • Setting allusion: When the description of a setting _____ a setting from a famous story. (i.e. Duloc = ______, an ideal setting = garden of eden)

13. Characterization: The methods an author uses to reveal a character’s personality Function: • Reveals the traits, _____, and character ______ that are relevant to the story. • Creates _______ or ______ in the reader to make the story more interesting. • Generates the theme through the character’s ______ and reactions to events in the story. • Gives meaning to ______ in the story.

14. Methods of Characterization: • Direct description: The author describes the ______ and sometimes ______ traits of the character. • Action: The character is revealed through their _______ and responses to situations. • Reaction of other characters: The character is revealed by the way _____ see them. • Dialogue: The character is revealed by the way they ____. • Internal monologue: The character is revealed through description of their ____ thought life.

15. Questions for analysis of Characterization? • What does the character ____? • How does the character _____ to conflict in the story? • What ____ has the author revealed? • What kind of character are we dealing with? • Round or ____, _______ or static? • How does the character’s actions create the theme of the story? (i.e. a story about ________ will have a character who struggles to _____.)

16. Key Terms related to characterization • Protagonist or ______: The main character playing the role of the “good guy” or the main character ____ the role of the “bad guy.” Pro = we are ____ for them. Anti = we are _____ against them. • Flat or Round: Flat ______ reveal only ___ personality trait. Round characters reveal ___ dimensions (sometimes ______ traits). • Static or _____: Static characters do not change. Dynamic characters change and _____.

17. Key terms related to characterization, con’t: • Foil: When two characters _____ so strongly they create a thematic connection. • Minor character: Characters who are not at the center of the story, but who ______ the plot by their relationship to the major characters.

18. Allusion: References to meaningful images ______ the realm of the story. Function: • To add an extra _______ to the story. • To make the meaning of the story more ______. • To make the ______ reader feel smarter.

19. Types of allusions: • Biblical • Mythological • Literary • Popular Culture

20. Questions for analysis of allusion? • What does the allusion add to the story? • How does the allusion ___ into the ______ of the story? • Is the allusion ______ to be _____?

21. Irony: A contrast between _______ and _______. Function: • To create ______. • To intensify the _____ of any given scene. • To ______ the emotional tone.

22. Types of Irony: • Situational: When the ____ of a situation is the _____ of what one would expect. • Verbal Irony: When one person says something, but ____ something else entirely. • Dramatic Irony: When the ____ knows something that the _______ do not.

23. Questions for analysis of Irony? • What ____ of irony is on ____ here? • Is the author’s use of irony _______? • What does the irony ___ to the ____ of the piece?