Introduction to Poetry

1. Introduction to Poetry

2. Speaker The voice talking to us in a poem. • Not always the poet • Think of the voice as a character the poet creates

3. Figurative Language Language that is not meant to be taken literally. This room is a pig sty!

4. Figurative Language • Metaphor- an imaginative comparison between two unlike things in which one thing is said to be another thing. • She was a blurr. • He is a rock. • Life is a tree with many branches.

5. Figurative Language • Personification- An animal or object has human thoughts, feelings, or attitudes. The clustered spires of Frederick stand from Barbara Frietchie And felt the breath of the morning breeze from Paul Revere’s Ride

6. Figurative Language • Hyperbole- is an exaggeration or overstatement …tore the cover off the ball. from Casey at the Bat

7. Figurative Language • Imagery- language that appeals to the senses. Blowing over the meadows brown from Paul Revere’s Ride Green-walled by the hills of Maryland from Barbara Frietchie

8. Figurative Language • Symbol- a person, place, a thing, or an event that has meaning in itself and stands for something beyond itself as well Forty Flags with their silver stars, Forty Flags with their crimson bars (The stars and red stripes of the flag)

9. Figurative Language • Pun- a figure of speech in which there is a deliberate confusion of similar words or phrases for rhetorical effect “Is swiss cheese good for you?” “Yes it is holesome.”

10. Figurative Language • Simile- a comparison of 2 unlike things, using a word such as like, as, than, or resembles. Peaceful as a dove. Lovely as a flower. A line of black that bends and floats On the rising tide, like a bridge of boats. from Paul Revere’s Ride

11. Figurative Language • Oxymoron- puts 2 contradictory words together Bittersweet Sweet sorrow Loving Hate Brawling Love

12. Figurative Language • Idiom- an expression peculiar to a particular language that means something different from the literal meaning. A Picture Paints a Thousand Words This term which means a story told by pictures as well as a vast amount of descriptive text comes from the quotation 'One picture is worth ten thousand words', Frederick R. Barnard in Printer's Ink, 8 Dec 1921 retelling a Chinese proverb. .

13. Figurative Language • Allusion- a brief reference to a person, event, or place. "Like the prodigal son, he returned to his home town and was welcomed by all who knew him".In order to fully appreciate the allusion to the prodigal son, the reader must be familiar with that story in Luke 15: 11-32. In general, the use of allusions by an author shows an expectation that the reader is familiar with the references made, otherwise the effect is lost.

14. Figurative Language • Mood- the overall feeling of a piece of literature. “On a dark dreary night, the street lights were dimmed by the thick fog. Stars were not seen nor was the moon.”

15. Figurative Language • Repetition- words or certain phrases are repeated for a stronger emphasis Because I do not hope to turn againBecause I do not hopeBecause I do not hope to turn.... The repetition of a phrase in poetry may have an incantatory effect as in the opening lines of T. S. Eliot's "Ash-Wednesday":

16. Sound Devices • Rhyme- the repetition of accented vowels sounds and all sounds following them in words that are close together in a poem. “Listen children and you will hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere”

17. Sound Devices Rhyme Scheme Pattern of rhymes at the ends of lines of poetry. Designated by letters with matching letters signifying matching sounds. “I was angry with my friend: I told my wrath, my wrath did end. I was angry with my foe: I told it not, my wrath did grow.” from A Poison Tree

18. Sound Device Meter A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry. “Listen my children and you shall hear, Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere”

19. Sound Devices • Alliteration- the repetition of consonant sounds in words that are close together. • Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. • The first letter, p, is a consonant. It is repeated many times. • How the British Regulars fired and fled • from Paul Revere’s Ride

20. Sound Devices • Speaker the repetition of consonant sounds. • lady lounges lazily • dark deep dread crept in

21. Sound Devices • Onomatopoeia- words whose sound imitates or suggest its meaning The lightning cracked and the thunder boomed in the sky.

22. Sound Devices • Rhythm- a musical quality produced by the repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables. “I confess I’d cared to mess With a wolf pack even less.” Stressed/unstressed syllables

23. Sound Devices • Assonance- the repetition of vowels sounds. The fat cat ran and sat on my father’s brand new hat!

24. Poetic Structure Stanza A group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit. “I AM”

25. Types of Poems • Narratives- tells a story

26. Types of Poetry Ballad A song or songlike poem that tells a story.

27. Types of Poems Lyric A poem that expresses feelings or thoughts of a speaker rather than telling a story.

28. Types of Poems • Haiku- a 3- lined poem with 17 syllables with 5 in the 1st, 7 in the 2nd, and 5 in the 3rd. The Rose The red blossom bends and drips its dew to the ground. Like a tear it falls By Donna Brock

29. Types of Poems • Diamante- a seven line poem shaped like a diamond. squaresymmetrical, conventionalshaping, measuring, balancingboxes, rooms,clocks, halosencircling, circumnavigating, enclosinground, continuouscircle

30. Types of Poems • Free Verse- has no regular meter or rhyme scheme. Running through a field of clover,Stop to pick a daffodilI play he loves me, loves me not,The daffy lies, it says he does not love me!Well, what use a daffy When Jimmy gives me roses?-- Flora Launa

31. Types of Poems • Limerick- a popular form in children’s verse, is often comical, nonsensical, and sometimes lewd. 5 lines: 1st 2 lines rhyme, 3rd & 4th lines rhyme & 5th line rhymes w/ 1st or repeats 1st line. A flea and a fly in a flue Were caught, so what could they do? Said the fly, "Let us flee." "Let us fly," said the flea. So they flew through a flaw in the flue. -Anonymous

32. Types of Poems Iama veryspecialshape I havethree points andthree lines straight.Look through my wordsand you will see, the shapethat I am meant to be. I'm justnot words caught in a tangle. Lookclose to see a small triangle. My anglesadd to one hundred and eighty degrees, youlearn this at school with your abc's. Practice yourmaths and you will see, some other fine examples of me. • Concrete- forms a picture of the topic.

33. Types of Poems • Quatrain- any 4 line stanza w/ rhyming pattern. Alternating Quatrain- a four line stanza rhyming "abab." From W.H. Auden's "Leap Before You Look" The sense of danger must not disappear:The way is certainly both short and steep, However gradual it looks from here;Look if you like, but you will have to leap.

34. Types of Poems • Cinquain- also known as a quintain or quintet, composed of 5 lines usually follow rhyme scheme of ababb, abaab, or abccb. trianglespointy edgesrevolving, rotating, anglingThree sides if you please.180o