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IMT-2000 을 위한 스마트 안테나 기술

IMT-2000 을 위한 스마트 안테나 기술. 이 종 헌. 중앙연구원. IMT-2000 개발그룹. 주 요 내 용. Background Space-Time Propagation Channel General Structure & Operation Considerations for Application Processing Algorithms Testbed & Implementation Issues. CDMA 시스템의 용량.

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IMT-2000 을 위한 스마트 안테나 기술

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  1. IMT-2000을 위한 스마트 안테나 기술 이 종 헌 중앙연구원 IMT-2000개발그룹

  2. 주 요 내 용 Background Space-Time Propagation Channel General Structure & Operation Considerations for Application Processing Algorithms Testbed & Implementation Issues

  3. CDMA 시스템의 용량 Sectorization Smart Antenna Channel Coding Antenna Tilting Multiple User Detection Past Power Control Variable Rate Codes Coherent Detection Antenna Diversity Smart Antenna Rake Combining GP : Processing Gain GC : Coding Gain GS : Sectorization Gain a : Signal to MAI Power Ratio s : Power Control Error (Eb/No)req : Required Bit Energy to Noise Density Ratio f : Frequency Reuse Factor L : Average to Peak Transmission Rate

  4. Analytical BER Performance of CDMA D=1 BER, Pb D=2 G(j ) = Azimuth Pattern N = Spreading Factor K = Number of Mobiles with in a Cell b = Reuse Factor D=3 D=4 D=5 D=6 D=7 Number of mobiles with in a cell

  5. 3 섹터 시스템의 Hand-Off 영역 예측

  6. Cell Coverage Analysis Example (Voice Traffic Only) 849MHz 1.98GHz

  7. Diversity & Combining Techniques Diversity • Space Diversity • Polarization Diversity • Angle Diversity • Time Diversity • Frequency Diversity Combining • Selection • Equal Gain Combining • Maximum Ratio Combining

  8. Channel Model - Macrocell

  9. Channel Model - Microcell

  10. Measurement Setup

  11. Wide Band Delay Profile Measurement System Rx Module Tx Module • Carrier Frequency : 1950MHz • Receive Level : < -110dBm • PN Code Length : 1023.5 Sequence • PN Code Rate : 50Mcps • Demodulation : BPSK(DS-SS) • Resolution : 6m(20ns) • Dynamic Range : < 30dB • Carrier Frequency : 1950MHz • Bandwidth : < 100MHz • Transmit Power : >+37dBm(5W) • PN Code Rate : 50 Mcps • PN Code Length : 1023 Sequence • Modulation : BPSK(DS-SS)

  12. Measurement Point YS1 and YS2

  13. Measurement Result at YS1

  14. Measurement Result at YS2

  15. Measurement Point DH1 and DH2

  16. Measurement Result at DH1

  17. Measurement Result at DH2

  18. Measurement Point WP1 and WP2 Rx WP1 WP2

  19. Measurement Result at WP1

  20. Measurement Result at WP2

  21. Adaptive Tracking Beam Optimal Space-Time Combining Types of Smart Antenna Systems Switched Multiple Beam Interference Interference Interference Nulling

  22. Phased Array Concept I0 I-1 I-2 IM I1 I2 I-M +2a 0 +a -a +Ma -2a -Ma d

  23. d' = d sin(q) d = l/2 t' = d sin(q)/(f l) s(t) q s(t) s(t) = b ej(2pft+f) s(t-t') s(t- t') = b ej[2pf(t-t’) +f] = b ej(2pft +f) e-j2pft’ = b ej(2pft +f) e-j2pf[dsin(q)/fl] = s(t) e-jpsin(q) d d' s(t-2t') Array Response Vector

  24. Array Response Vector (cont.) Array Response Vector

  25. Beam Forming

  26. The First Adaptive Array

  27. Space Processing (or Adaptive Beamforming)

  28. Optimal Weight - minimum mean square error solution

  29. B/F # 1 # 1 Rake Combiner B/F # 2 # 2 Rake Output # 3 B/F # 3 2-Dimensional RAKE for Space-Time Processing

  30. Operation Mobile A Gain=M Moblie B Gain=1 Range=1 Range=M1/r+a

  31. Mobile A or B with Sector Antenna Mobile A Mobile B Impulse Response

  32. Receiver Receiver Receiver Channelizer Channelizer Channelizer Space-Time Processing User Signal General Structure of Smart Antennas

  33. z0,1 T c0 w0,1 u0(l) b0(l) x1(t) zN-1,1 T cN-1 wN-1,1 z0,M T uN-1(l) c0 w0,M bN-1(l) xM(t) zN-1,M T cN-1 wN-1,M x(t) Despreading {z i(l)} Beamformer {ui(l)} Detection bi(l) Beamforming for CDMA (Symbol Rate Beamforming Example)

  34. Beamforming Algorithms  Spatial Reference Beamforming - DOA based array response vector estimation  Temporal Reference Beamforming - Wiener solution (Minimizing Mean Squared Error)  Signal Structure Based Beamformnig - Blind beamforming (ex: CMA)

  35. u: S의 eigenvalue의 최대값에 해당하는 eigenvector Beamforming Algorithm (cont.) Stanford Method - Code Filtering

  36. Beamforming Algorithm (cont.) Pilot Assisted Method Wiener Solution Array 출력과 기준 신호 사이의 오차를 최소화 r = E[z.d] R = E[z.z*] Wiener Solution w = R-1.r Eigen Filter w: Rpost의 eigenvalue의 최대값에 해당하는 eigenvector

  37. Test-Bed - GLoMo Project

  38. NTT DoCoMo Testbed for WCDMA

  39. Test-Bed - TSUNAMI Project Technology in Smart Antennas for Universal Advanced Mobile Infrastrucure

  40. 배열 안테나 데이터 획득 시스템 멀티채널 수신기 Testbed - SK Telecom

  41. Receiver Structure

  42. Forward Link Processing - Feedback Method Base Mobile x1 x1 x2 x2 xN xN Feedback Processing

  43. Forward Link Processing - Direct Use 2025MHZ 2200MHz

  44. Array Mismatch

  45. Array Mismatch Effect

  46. Considerations for CDMA IMT-2000 Up to 20MHz Bandwidth at 2GHz Multirate Services using Variable Spreading or Multicode Reverse Link Pilot Symbol or Channel Forward Link Auxiliary Pilot or Pilot Symbol Dedicated Control Channel

  47. Smart Antenna Architecture Decision Tree

  48. Switched or Adaptive Beam? Generic Properties Switched : Discrete Tracking with Fixed Beam Easy to Implement Adaptive : Flexible Beam Pattern Potential Capability of Adaptive Tracking SIR Improvement (in dB) 6 Ant. Elements Processing Gain=20dB SNR=10dB Space Processing Only (Single Beam)

  49. Analog or Digital Beamforming? Digital Analog High dependency on RTT standards Difficult to apply to multi bandwidth systems Dependent on the A/D converter resolution Difficult to measure the resulting beam patterns Critical array calibration effects No additional loss and IMD Relatively easy to control the sidelobe Easy mass production Low dependency on RTT standards Easy to apply to multi bandwidth systems Independent on the A/D converter resolution Easy to measure the resulting beam patterns Being mitigate the array calibration problems Additional loss and IMD Relatively difficult to control the sidelobe Difficult mass production

  50. 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 1 Analog Beamformer 45o 45o -90o 0o 1 2 3 4 90o Hybrid 2 4 1 3 Lens Type Matrix Type

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