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Harnessing Bacteria for Genetic Engineering: The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology

This resource explores the use of bacteria in biotechnology, focusing on genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. Students will learn about bacterial plasmids, their characteristics that make them ideal for manipulation, and how scientists transform bacteria to produce useful substances like human insulin. Steps include isolating plasmid DNA, using restriction enzymes for cutting, and ligating genes before inserting them into bacteria. Additionally, the importance of antibiotic resistance in the process is highlighted, emphasizing the effectiveness of plasmids in genetic engineering.

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Harnessing Bacteria for Genetic Engineering: The Role of Recombinant DNA Technology

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Warm-up • List 3 new things you learned about bacteria.

  2. Genetic engineering Recombinant DNA technology

  3. Why are we using bacteria for biotechnology rather than some other organsism? • What are some characteristics that make bacteria a good choice for genetic engineering? (think and then talk with your partner)

  4. Bacterial plasmids Most bacterial DNA is on a single large chromosome, but some DNA is in small circles called plasmids. • Plasmids can have genes which make bacteria resistant to antibiotics • Plasmids can be passed between bacteria

  5. Plasmids can be manipulated easily in the laboratory • Plasmids can be collected from bacteria • Restriction enzymes can cut specific sequences of DNA • Ligase (enzyme) can paste pieces of DNA together • Bacteria can be transformed by taking in plasmids given to them

  6. Cutting and Pasting DNA • Restriction enzymes act like molecular scissors – they cut the DNA! • Ligaseacts like molecular glue – it is used to reconnect the DNA that has been cut by restriction enzymes.

  7. GATCC G G CCTAG A Restriction Enzyme: BamH I

  8. Transforming Bacteria • When a bacterial cell takes in a plasmid from the environment, it has new DNA (and therefore, new traits). • Scientists say that the bacteria has been transformed.

  9. Exit PowerPoint and open files in Internet Explorer: • Gene engineering cartoon.swf • Gene engineering video.swf

  10. How to produce human insulin from bacteria • Isolate plasmid DNA from bacteria and insulin gene from human. • Cut both DNAs with the same restriction enzyme. • Mix the DNA together with ligase. • Insert the new DNA into bacteria (transformation). • Use antibiotics to kill any bacteria without the plasmid. • Grow bacteria and harvest the insulin.

  11. How to produce human insulin from bacteria • Isolate plasmid DNA from bacteria and insulin gene from human. • Cut both DNAs with the same restriction enzyme. • Mix the DNA together with ligase. • Insert the new DNA into bacteria (transformation). • Use antibiotics to kill any bacteria without the plasmid. • Grow bacteria and harvest the insulin.

  12. Read in book (Owl) p. 239-242. • Draw a diagram showing the six steps to introduce a foreign gene into bacteria.

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