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CHAPTER FOUR

CHAPTER FOUR. Exercise Concepts And Fitness Education. Purpose of Chapter. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce you to concepts of exercise and fitness education so that you can present them to your elementary school children in a basic and meaningful manner. Objectives.

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CHAPTER FOUR

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  1. CHAPTER FOUR Exercise Concepts And Fitness Education

  2. Purpose of Chapter The purpose of this chapter is to introduce you to concepts of exercise and fitness education so that you can present them to your elementary school children in a basic and meaningful manner.

  3. Objectives • Describe and discuss the concepts of fitness education and wellness. • Discuss the terms physical activity and physical fitness and explain the differences in these terms

  4. Objectives • List and describe health risk factors and what children can do to reduce these risk factors. • List several benefits of exercise and physical activity.

  5. Objectives • Describe the basic components of the cardio-respiratory system. • Identify and discuss the five components of health related fitness.

  6. Objectives • Describe several exercise principles that should be followed to improve physical fitness. • Discuss how you can promote healthy lifestyle

  7. What is Fitness Education?

  8. Fitness Education • Fitness education is a component of movement education.

  9. Fitness Education • Fitness education emphasizes the importance of physical activity and physical fitness to a healthy and productive quality of life.

  10. Fitness Education • Fitness education includes the why and how of physical activity, physical fitness and exercise.

  11. Fitness Education • Fitness education emphasizes the importance of NASPE standards three and four. • 3. Exhibits a physically active lifestyle • 4. Achieves and maintains a health- enhancing level of physical fitness.

  12. Health-related fitness • Physical fitness • Cardiorespiratory function • Body composition • Muscular strength & endurance • Flexibility

  13. Skill-related fitness • Speed • Agility • Strength • Explosive power • Coordination

  14. Wellness vs. Health

  15. Wellness vs. Health • Health • Physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

  16. Wellness vs. Health • Wellness • A holistic term encompassing emotional, spiritual, mental, social and physical wellness

  17. Wellness vs. Health • Health Promotion • The science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health

  18. Physical Fitness vs. Physical Activity

  19. Physical Fitness vs. Physical Activity • Physical Fitness • Defined as a set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity.

  20. Physical Fitness vs. Physical Activity • Physical Activity • Defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles which results in energy expenditure above the resting level.

  21. Physical Activity vs. Exercise

  22. Physical Activity vs. Exercise • Exercise • Defined as physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive and purposive, in the sense that improvement or maintenance of physical fitness is an objective.

  23. Physical Activity vs. Exercise • Adults - Exercise, Workout • Goal - exercise at a moderate intensity for 20-30 minutes, 3-4 times per week

  24. Physical Activity vs. Exercise • Children - Physically active, play • Goal – accumulate 30-60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity during most days of the week

  25. Fitness Education Goals

  26. Fitness education goals • Provide opportunities for ample physical activity at school

  27. Fitness education goals • Encourage physical activity during non-school hours

  28. Fitness education goals • Promote physical activity in a way that students will exhibit a physically active lifestyle and maintain a health enhancing level of physical fitness

  29. Exercise and Health Risk Factors

  30. Health risk factors • Defined as certain factors that increase the risk of developing a chronic disease such as heart disease or diabetes

  31. Health risk factors • Heart Disease • Caused by the gradual accumulation of plaque in the arteries that deliver blood to the heart. • Plaque buildup causes a reduction in blood flow to the heart causing pain • Artery that becomes completely blocked can cause a heart attack

  32. Heart Disease Risk Factors • high cholesterol • hypertension (high blood pressure) • smoking • obesity • inactivity or sedentary lifestyle • diabetes

  33. Heart Disease Risk Factors • Modifiable • Risk factors that can be improved through a healthier lifestyle • Include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity and inactivity

  34. Heart Disease Risk Factors • Non-modifiable • Risk factors that cannot be changed • Include age, sex, race and family history

  35. Heart Disease Risk Factors • High cholesterol • HDL (the Good Cholesterol) may be increased by physical activity. • LDL (the bad cholesterol) may be decreased by physical activity and proper nutrition.

  36. Heart Disease Risk Factors • Hypertension (high blood pressure) • May cause stroke as well as heart disease. • May be reduced by exercise and proper nutrition.

  37. Heart Disease Risk Factors • Smoking • May cause lung cancer as well as heart disease • Has a synergistic effect on other risk factors (causes them to be worse)

  38. Heart Disease Risk Factors • Obesity/overweight • Becoming a national epidemic • Probably caused by lack of activity and poor nutrition

  39. Heart Disease Risk Factors • Inactivity • A sedentary lifestyle is an important contributor to the development of several chronic diseases • Activity/exercise reduces several of the heart disease risk factors

  40. Heart Disease Risk Factors • Diabetes • Two types • Type I – Individual cannot produce insulin and must have an insulin source • Type II - Individual is unable to produce enough insulin or properly use insulin

  41. The Human Body and Activity

  42. The Engine for Activity The Cardiorespiratory System

  43. The Cardiorespiratory System • The heart – the pump • The right side pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen • The left side pumps oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body

  44. The Cardiorespiratory System • The lungs • Take oxygen from the air we breathe and transfer it to the blood to be sent to the left side of the heart • Take carbon dioxide from the blood and exhale it into the atmosphere

  45. The Cardiorespiratory System • The heart valves • Valves open and close in the heart to control the flow of blood • Heart sounds can be heard through a stethoscope as the valves open and close

  46. The Cardiorespiratory System • Heart Rate • The number of times the heart beats per minute • Heart rates increase with exercise • The heart rates of individuals who are fit are generally lower than those of the unfit.

  47. The Cardiorespiratory System • Perceiving exercise intensity • Rate the difficulty of exercise or activity with respect to how hard you feel you are working. • Scales run from 1 to 10 (or 1 to 5 for children) with 1 being very easy and 10 being very, very hard

  48. The Cardiorespiratory System • Aerobic vs. anaerobic exercise • Aerobic – “with oxygen” • Moderate intensity exercise • Examples-walking, jogging, swimming • Anaerobic – “without oxygen” • High intensity or vigorous exercise • Examples-sprinting, basketball, soccer

  49. The Apparatus for Activity The Musculoskeletal System

  50. The Musculoskeletal System • Musculoskeletal Fitness • Muscular Strength • Muscular Endurance • Flexibility

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