Monday, October 4 th

1. Monday, October 4th • Bellringer on LEFT side of page 15 in notebook: • List 3 things you know about India • Title page 15, RIGHT side: INDIA VOCABULARY • Update your Table of Contents

2. India Vocabulary p. 15 RIGHT side • Make 3 columns for the WORD, SENTENCE, & PICTURE • Indian Subcontinent • Monsoons • Harappan Civilization • Indo-Europeans • Hittites • Aryans • Aryan Caste System • Reincarnation • Karma • Jainism • Siddhartha Gautama • Enlightenment • Nirvana • Hinduism • Buddhism

3. Indian Subcontinent • Comprises of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh • South Asia

4. Monsoons • A seasonal wind that brings in either dry or moist air. • Can bring heavy rainfall

5. Harappan Civilization • The first mature civilization in the Indus Valley • Bronze Age is when this civilization first began

6. Indo-Europeans • About 1500 BC, India was invaded by Indo-Europeans who came from the area between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. • Between 2500-2000 BC, Many Indo-Europeans migrated all over Eurasia. Some went to Europe and became the Romans and Greeks, some settled in Turkey and became the Hittites. The slow migration did not arrive in northern India until about 1500 BC, where they are called Aryans

7. Hittites • Indo-Europeans who moved to Turkey around 2000 BC, the same time the Trojans were moving into Troy and the Greeks were moving into Greece. • The Hittites brought horses and made chariots • The Hittites developed a way to smelt iron to make weapons and tools (late Bronze Age) • Collapse around 1200 BC lead to the spread of iron skills

8. Aryans • Brought Sanskrit (language), their gods, and horses to India • Developed a Caste System • Settled in along the Indus River with the Harappa people • Used iron to conquer more of India (after they learned the iron secrets of the Hittites)

9. Aryan Caste System • 4 groups with one unnamed group called the Untouchables and under them, slaves • Untouchables: worst jobs (cleaning feces from gutters and garbage from streets) • Shudras: servants and farmhands who didn’t own their own land and had to work for other people (largest # of people) • Vaishyas: farmers and traders who owned their own farms • Kshatriya: warriors or wives of warriors • Brahmans: priests and leaders

10. Reincarnation • The belief that the soul or spirit, after death of the body, comes back to Earth in a newborn body. • Latin: “Entering the flesh again”

11. Karma • Deeds are viewed as shaping the past, present, and future experiences

12. Jainism • An ancient religion of India that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. • Five major vows (Mahavrata) • Non-violence (Ahimsa): Non-violence in thought, word and deed so as not to cause harm to any living beings • Truthfulness (Satya): Truth which is (hita) beneficial, (mita) succinct and (priya) pleasing. In other words, to speak the harmless truth • Non-stealing (Astey): Not to take anything that has not been given to them willingly by the owner • Chastity (Brahmacarya): Absolute purity of mind and body without indulging in sensual pleasure • Non-possession (Aparigraha): Exercise no attachment or aversion to all people, places and material objects around. • Three Restraints (Gupti) • Control of the mind (Managupti) • Control of speech (Vacanagupti) • Control of body (Kayagupti) • Five Carefulness (Samiti) • Carefulness while walking (IryaSamiti) • Carefulness while communicating (BhashaSamiti) • Carefulness while eating (EshanaSamiti) • Carefulness while handling their fly-whisks, water gourds, etc. (Adana NikshepanaSamiti) • Carefulness while disposing of bodily waste matter (PratishthapanaSamiti)

13. Siddhartha Gautama • Spiritual teacher from ancient India who founded Buddhism • Supreme Buddha (“awakened one” or “enlightened one”)

14. Enlightenment • to obtain a spiritual revelation or deep insight into the meaning and purpose of all things • to communicate with or understand the mind of God • to achieve some other type of profound spiritual understanding, or to achieve a fundamentally changed level of existence whereby one's self is experienced as a non-changing field of pure consciousness. • Some scientists believe that during meditative states leading up to the subjective experience of enlightenment there are actual physical changes in the brain

15. Nirvana • To be free from suffering • The word literally means "blowing out" — referring, in the Buddhist context, to the blowing out of the fires of greed, hatred, and delusion • The highest happiness

16. Hinduism • The world’s 3rd largest religion • Hinduism conceives the whole world as a single family that deifies the one truth, and therefore it accepts all forms of beliefs and dismisses labels of distinct religions which would imply a division of identity • Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include (but are not restricted to), • Dharma(ethics/duties), • Samsāra(The continuing cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth) • Karma(action and subsequent reaction) • various Yogas (paths or practices)

17. Buddhism • a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha • Karma • Reincarnation • The Four Nobel Truths • Life leads to suffering • Suffering is caused by craving • Suffering ends when craving ends • Reaching this state is achieved by following the path of Buddha • Nirvana

18. Exit Slip • Go back to the Bellringer and make sure you list 3 things you learned about India. • Test#3 on Friday • Egypt & India • Know the main concepts

19. Tuesday, October 5th • Hinduism & Buddhism with Ms. Hopkins

20. Wednesday, October 6th • Talk from Guidance

21. Thursday, October 7th • Review Day • PERSIA Chart • Egypt • India • Page 16 in notebook

22. Friday, October 8th • Test #3