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Personal Care

Personal Care. Skin, Hair, & Nails (touch) Mouth, Teeth & Gums (taste & smell) Eyes (sight) Ears (hearing). (pgs . 360-364). Main functions: protection from outside influences like germs 2) regulates temperature Structures of the Skin

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Personal Care

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  1. Personal Care Skin, Hair, & Nails (touch) Mouth, Teeth & Gums (taste & smell) Eyes (sight) Ears (hearing)

  2. (pgs. 360-364) Main functions: • protection from outside influences like germs 2) regulates temperature Structures of the Skin 1 . Epidermis– outer layer of skin containing dead cells Keratin – protein to toughen nails and produce lipids to waterproof skin Melanin – pigment for skin, hair and iris of eyes

  3. 2. Dermis– inner layer of skin containing live cells & blood vessels, nerves, and muscle fibers 3. Hair shaft – collect heat, sense of feeling, friction 4. Hair follicle – live hair cells 5. Oil gland/Sebaceous gland – waterproof skin, moisturize skin and hair 6. Muscle fiber - moves hair, contracts when cold

  4. 7. Sweat pore – release sweat to keep body cool 8. Sweat gland – store and collect fluids 9. Blood vessels – provide nutrients to various cells of skin (artery & vein) 10. Fatty layer – innermost layer of skin to insulate body (prevent heat loss)

  5. 11. Nerve for receptors – relay messages to brain and sense environmental changes (Pain , Cold, Touch, Heat, Pressure receptors) 12. Fat cells – calories, nutrients, insulates body, protection

  6. Skin Problems 1) Acne– blocked pore from oil and dead skin becomes infected with bacteria 2) Warts– hardened skin caused from a virus 3) Vitiligo– patches of skin lose pigment

  7. Skin Problems (continued) 4) Boil – swollen, painful infection of hair follicle 5) Moles – spots containing extra melanin look for signs of (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter) 6) Dermatitis – red, swollen, hot and itchy skin from irritation

  8. Skin Problems (continued) 7) Ingrown hair – hair shaft grows inward through skin 8) Herpes Simplex I – watery blister or sore from a virus 9) Ringworm– red scaly patch of skin caused by a fungus

  9. Skin Problems (continued) 10) Athlete’s foot – burning, itching, cracking or peeling skin from a fungus 11) Infections caused by yeast or mold 12) Cuts and scrapes 13) Cancer – uncontrolled cell growth Melanoma – most serious cancer but also the rarest form (moles) check ABCDs

  10. Skin Care • Keep it clean • Protect it from extreme temperatures • Protect from extreme exposure to sun • Use sunscreen & protective clothing • Prevent infections in cuts and scrapes • Piercing & Tattooing concerns and care • Hepatitis B & C and HIV

  11. Hair (pgs. 365-366) • Part of the skin • Made up of dead cells • Formed in the dermis layer of the skin in the hair follicle Hair Problems • Removing unwanted hair by: plucking, shaving, lotion dissolves hair, wax, laser 2. Head lice 3. Dandruff – scalp is dry and cells die rapidly (not truly a hair problem) 4. Baldness – hair follicle dies

  12. Hair Care • Keep it clean • Lotions and conditioners - moisturize • Cut it – removal of split ends • Brush it – keep oils throughout hair for moisture Nails(pg. 366) • clipping/trimming (fingers vs. toes) • cleaning

  13. Teeth and Mouth(pgs. 367-370) Main functions: • form shape/structure of mouth • chew food to aid digestive process • produce certain sounds when you talk Types of teeth and their function: Incisors – front teeth used for cutting Canines – single pointed, used for tearing Premolars/Bicuspids– crush food Molars – grind food into a pulp

  14. Structures of a tooth 1. Crown– visible part of tooth 2. Enamel– hardest substance of the body made of calcium for protection 3. Neck– center containing dentin and pulp 4. Dentin– connective tissue to shape and harden a tooth, protects pulp 5. Periodontium– area around the teeth known as the gums 6. Gingiva– connective tissue and lower portion of gums

  15. Structures of a tooth (continued) 7. Pulp – soft tissue containing blood vessels and nerves 8. Root – lower part of tooth 9. Cementum – outer tissue covering the root 10. Periodontal ligaments – hold tooth in its place 11. Periodontal membrane – connective tissue 12. Root canal – area of blood vessels and nerves inside root

  16. Tooth/Mouth Problems 1) Halitosis– bad breath from food, poor hygiene, smoking, bacteria, decay 2) Periodontal disease – inflammation of periodontal structures (bacteria) 3) Plaque– sticky colorless film forming acids to destroy enamel and gums 4) Tartar– crust-like hardened plaque 5) Malocclusion – “bad bite” from extra teeth, crowded teeth, misalignment of jaws

  17. Tooth/Mouth Care • Eat a well balanced diet (limit sugars and sweets) • Brush after meals or snacks • Floss at least once a day • Regular checkups at least 2 times a year

  18. Eyes(pgs. 371-375) Natural Protectors: • Eyelashes & Eyebrows – keeps out dust, dirt and sweat • Eyelids– prevents foreign objects from entering eye • Tears– keeps eye moist, contains substance to kill bacteria • Bones – protects top, bottom, sides and back of eye

  19. Visions • Stereoscopic – ability to see in three dimension (3-D) • Peripheral – see things on the side when looking straight ahead (see slides 30-33) • Vertical field of vision – see things up & down while looking straight ahead

  20. Structures of the Eye 1. Sclera– white of eye, muscles attached to move eye 2. Cornea– permits light to enter 3. Choroid– lines inside of sclera and contains the iris & pupil 4. Iris– colored part of eye 5. Pupil– controls light entering eye 6. Lens– focus light on back of eye

  21. Structures of the Eye (continued) 7. Retina – light sensing portion of eye Cones – colors Rods – shades of black, gray, white 8. Aqueous humor/Ciliary body – watery fluid fills front chamber between cornea & lens and provides nutrients to the structures of the eye 9. Vitreous humor – jelly substance giving eye its shape 10. Optic nerve – transmit visual information to brain 11. Lacrimal gland – secretes tears into tear duct 12. Blood vessels – provide nutrients to eyes

  22. BLIND SPOT of the Retina Place a hand over one of your eyes and focus on the star, then move the paper closer or farther away until the crosshair on the right disappears. This is where the image lies on your fovea/optic nerve on the back of the retina. Your optic nerve is a “blind spot” of the eye. This is why some stars seem to disappear in the sky at night when observing them without aid from binoculars or a telescope. Or do the same with the bars below the star & crosshair and see if the 2 bars connect to make one. When they connect, the gap is focused on your blind spot.

  23. This is how the 3 different colored cones work in the eye. If a person has more or less of one type of color, they may be color blind on that part of the spectrum. This is similar to the old television tube sets (before plasma TV, HDTV, or mirror TV). The optic nerve relays the color info to the brain.

  24. Stare at the flag for about 15 seconds without blinking then look down to the white area and blink. The Flag should look red, white & blue. Why?

  25. Shark

  26. Eye Problems 1) Nearsighted/Myopia – able to see objects in focus when close to them (20/60) large # last 2) Farsighted/Hyperopia– able to see objects in focus when far from them (60/20) large # first

  27. Eye Problems (continued) 3) Astigmatism – irregular curvature of the cornea • the cornea is oval like a football instead of spherical like a basketball. Most astigmatic corneas have two curves – a steeper curve and a flatter curve. This causes light to focus on more than one point in the eye, resulting in blurred vision at distance or near. Astigmatism often occurs along with nearsightedness or farsightedness.

  28. Eye Problems (continued) 4) Strabismus – muscles of the eyes are weak or do not function properly 5) Conjunctivitis – pinkeye, inflamed covering of sclera 6) Color blind – hereditary from improper cone formations in the retina (see next slide)

  29. Color Blindness Test

  30. The individual with normal color vision will see a 5 revealed in the dot pattern. An individual with Red/Green (the most common) color blindness will see a 2 revealed in the dots.

  31. Eye Problems (continued) 7) Color deficient – inability to see colors, can only see in shades

  32. Eye Problems (continued) 8) Night blindness – inability to see in dim light 9) Glaucoma – buildup of pressure inside eye causing sight loss (irreversible damage) 10) Cataract – lens becomes cloudy, inability to focus light and blurs vision 11) Macular Degeneration – macula of retina malfunctions causing blindness (no cure)

  33. Eye Care • Proper / well-balanced diet • Protect from foreign objects • Adequate light source and rest • Regular eye examinations once a year

  34. Ear(pgs. 376-379) Main functions: 1) Hearing • Balance Sections & Anatomy 1. Outer ear 2. Auricle – collecting funnel for sound waves 3. Ear/External auditory canal – leads to middle ear, glands release wax 4. Ear drum/Tympanic membrane – vibrates when sound waves strike it

  35. 5. Middle ear consist of 3 smallest bones in body (auditory ossicles) 6. Hammer/Malleus – receives vibrations from eardrum 7. Anvil/Incus – pushed by hammer and moves stirrup 8. Stirrup/Stapes – volume control

  36. 9. Inner ear/Labyrinth 10. Oval window – separates middle & inner ear, actually part of cochlea’s membrane 11. Cochlea – senses sound through vibrations 12. Auditory/Cochlear nerve – transmits sound signals to brain 13. Vestibule – hair-like structures inside aid in balance 14. Semicircular canals – fluids in tubes aid in balance

  37. 15. What is the Eustachian tube’s function? It connects the ear to the throat and is closed most of the time, but it equalizes pressure inside the middle & inner ear when open. changes of elevation, pressure under water, and inner ear infections will cause “popping” or “clicking” sounds at times

  38. Ear Problems 1) Wax buildup 2) Ear infections 3) Hearing loss 4) Tinnitus – damage to cochlea, auditory nerve or brain causing ringing, buzzing, whistling, roaring, hissing or other sound in the absence of external sounds Ear Care • Wash & clean with warm, wet washcloth • Do not push q-tip/swab or other objects into ear canal – WHY? • Use earplugs when swimming or close to loud sounds

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