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TCAS

TCAS. Introduction. What is TCAS? Big picture, How it works TCAS - Philosophy Training TCAS/- Future?. What is TCAS?. T raffic C ollision A voidance S ystem Situational awareness tool Shows other air traffic in the vicinity Collision avoidance Gives avoidance steering cues to pilots.

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TCAS

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  1. TCAS

  2. Introduction • What is TCAS? • Big picture, How it works • TCAS - Philosophy • Training • TCAS/- Future?

  3. What is TCAS? • Traffic Collision Avoidance System • Situational awareness tool • Shows other air traffic in the vicinity • Collision avoidance • Gives avoidance steering cues to pilots

  4. How it works • IFF interrogator • Mode A, C and S • Components; • Computer • Mode S transponder • Antenna assembly • ATC/TCAS control panel • Traffic advisory indicator

  5. How it works • Glossary: • Aircraft: Own, TCAS equipped aircraft • Intruder: Other traffic affecting our TCAS system

  6. How it works TCAS TRSP. Request Intruder Aircraft

  7. How it works Reply TCAS TRSP. Intruder Aircraft

  8. How it works • The system needs to find relative; • Bearing • Range • Altitude

  9. How it works • Bearing: Intruder

  10. How it works • Range: Intruder

  11. How it works • Altitude: Intruder Embedded in either mode C or S reply

  12. How it works • Multiple requests: Establish "track"

  13. How it works • Gives 3 different outputs depending on intruder equipment and range/bearing to intruder • Other traffic: • Situational awareness • Traffic Advisory: • Traffic within certain parameters, no steering • Resolution Advisory: • Traffic within certain parameters, Steering

  14. How it works TCAS TA mA Aircraft Intruder

  15. How it works TCAS RA mA mC TA mA Aircraft Intruder

  16. How it works TCAS I RA TCAS RA mA mC TA mA Aircraft Intruder

  17. How it works TCAS II Coord. RA TCAS I RA TCAS RA mA mC TA mA Aircraft Intruder

  18. How it works Surveillance Volume 40 NM +/- 9900' TCAS

  19. How it works Surveillance Volume 6 NM +/- 1200' TCAS

  20. How it works TA RA 30-45 s Other traffic TCAS 20-30 s

  21. How it works TA RA 30-45 s Other traffic TCAS 20-30 s Proximate traffic

  22. Restrictions • Can only give vertical guidance because; • System only uses; • Altitude • Position • Closure rate • Vertical velocity to compute RA • No aspect capability

  23. Restrictions ?

  24. TCAS - Philosophy • TCAS increases safety! • TCAS JAR Req. 1 Jan 00 • Safety paramount in aviation • Technical solutions alone not enough

  25. Breakdown in Quality system Checklist failure Unheeded warning Flaps omitted Degradation "breakdown" Deviation Amplification Error

  26. Quality system Checklist works Effective warning Flaps omitted Normal operation Error Deviation Amplification

  27. Training • Training requirement, • Initial CBT; 2 hours

  28. TCAS / - Future? • 3D TCAS • Sensor Fusion • AP • RNAV • GPS • EGPWS • TCAS • Other?

  29. Questions,TCAS?

  30. IFF

  31. IFF • What is IFF? • History • Modes

  32. Hva er IFF? • Identification Friend or Foe • Military / Civilian use • Spörre puls / Svarpuls • 1030mhz / 1090 mhz • Består av interregator og transponder • En interrogator kan kommunisere med et antall transpondere

  33. Hva er IFF? • The code signal sent by the interrogator system consists of two pulses spaced at a precisely defined interval. • A third pulse that has nothing to do with the coding of the query is actually used for interference suppression reasons. • The airborne transponder contains circuitry that discriminates between these various timings and automatically sends back the desired reply.

  34. Hva er IFF? Request Interrogator Transponder Aircraft Radar Station

  35. Hva er IFF? Request processed Interrogator Transponder Aircraft Radar Station

  36. Hva er IFF? Reply Interrogator Transponder Aircraft Radar Station

  37. Hva er IFF? Transponder Aircraft Interrogator Transponder Aircraft Radar Station Transponder Aircraft

  38. Hva er IFF?

  39. Historikk • Germans used maneuvers at predetermined points to change radar echo • 1940: Transponders initially used in World War 2 on aircraft to identify the aircraft using IFF (Identify Friend or Foe) • MK I - Reply from incoming radar signal • MK III - Own interrogator / transponder

  40. Historikk • 1960’s IFF for civilian use • 1980’s Mode S • Today Transponders are still used extensively on commercial aircraft to relay to the radar operators the height and identity of the aircraft on their radar displays.

  41. Modes • Mode 3/A • Range / Bearing • Mode C • Altitude (100s of feet from CADC) • Mode S • Range / Bearing / Altitude / Datablock • Mode I/II/IV • Militärt bruk

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