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In the 1500s, England Joins the Game. Early exploration was done by Spain and Portugal Eventually, England realized that if they didn’t start claiming some land, Spain and Portugal would take everything.
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In the 1500s, England Joins the Game Early exploration was done by Spain and Portugal Eventually, England realized that if they didn’t start claiming some land, Spain and Portugal would take everything. In 1497, John Cabot, an Italian sailor, was hired by the English King Henry VII to explore and claim land for England.
English Colonies Were Different • English colonies (settlements) were different from those owned by Spain, Portugal, or France in that English colonies were usually started by a company with permission from the king. • The reasons for coming to the New World varied. • · Some came for religious freedom • · Some came to get rich • · Some came to own land, which was expensive back in England
Why does Roanoke matter? • What if the colony had flourished? Would this have changed history? Roanoke“The Lost Colony”1585-1590 • http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos/mystery-at-roanoke • Sir Walter Raleigh given permission by Queen Elizabeth I to claim land in North America • Claims Roanoke Island in the name of Queen Elizabeth • In 1585, 100 men sent to colonize, but things were so rough during the winter so they returned home • 1587 another expedition, led by John White, was sent 91 men, 17 women and 9 children • Needed more supplies, so White returned to England • When White returned 3 years later, colony was deserted. Only clue was the word “croatoan” carved in a tree.
Virginia and the Southern Colonies, 1607 http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos/jamestown-founded-in-1607 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHGI50ebhA0 • The first permanent English settlement in the New World was Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. • Jamestown was started by a business called the Virginia Company, looking for economic opportunities. • The Virginia Company was a Joint Stock Company, meaning men from London, England pooled their money together to buy boats and supplies, got permission from the king, and went to Virginia to grow tobacco there which they could sell for money. • Growing tobacco made Virginia a profitable colony. • Many of Virginia’s colonists were poor English immigrants and indentured servants • Some of Virginia’s settlers were Cavaliers, English nobility who received land grants in eastern Virginia from the king • The Virginia House of Burgesses (1640’s) was the first elected assembly in the New World. • Maryland Act of Toleration, 1649—a law to protect Catholic settlers and those of other Christian sects that did not conform to the dominant Church of England Major people of Jamestown • John Smith • Responsible for the survival of Jamestown, England’s first permanent colony in the New World. • John Rolfe • He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Virginia colony • Known as the husband of Pocohontas, daughter of the chief of the Powhatan.
New England Colonies, 1620 http://www.history.com/topics/mayflower/videos/deconstructing-history-mayflower • The most famous group of Puritans to leave England and come to New England were the Pilgrims. • Landed at Plymouth Rock in 1620, the Pilgrims set the table for how communities would be governed (ruled)--Direct democracy/town meetings • Plymouth in Massachusetts was a long way from the King of England, so they needed rules for how to govern themselves- that was the Mayflower Compact (agreement) • Puritans formed “covenant communities” based on ideas found in the Mayflower Compact • Puritans were generally intolerant of those not sharing their religious views. • Unlike Virginia, the New England colonies were started for religious reasons. • Settled by Puritans seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe. • Puritans: These were "religious outcasts” (dissenters) in England. Believed in hard work, thrift, individual relationships with God, personal reading of the Bible. They accused the king, who was in charge of the Church of England of being too worldly and selfish. http://www.history.com/shows/how-the-states-got-their-shapes/videos/puritans-vs-pilgrims
The Mayflower Compact, 1620 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbjWqsC0Lpk • The first governing document of the Plymouth Colony. • Written by the male passengers of the Mayflower • Passengers were fleeing from religious persecution by King James of England. • Signed aboard the Mayflower on November 11, 1620 by the Pilgrims. Why does the Mayflower Compact matter?
The Middle Colonies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDNK3P8dgYA • Settled mainly by the English, Dutch and Germanic-speaking immigrants seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity. • Home to multiple religious groups, including Quakers in Pennsylvania. Most religious groups of the middle colonies generally believed in religious tolerance.
Interactions Among American Indians, Europeans, and Africans • The Spanish and English interaction with natives often ended in violent conflicts. The Indians lost their traditional territories and fell victim to diseases carried from Europe. • The first Africans were brought against their will to Jamestown in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations. • By contrast, French exploration of Canada did not lead to large-scale immigration from France, and relations with native peoples were generally more cooperative. Why the differences?
