First Aid

1. First Aid

2. Schedule • Brainteasers • Sub Packets/ Class Progress Sheet • Homework Check/First Aid I.Q. • Intro to First Aid

3. Finish the Story • Cassie and her family were driving in her neighborhood when they saw someone lying by the side of the road. They pulled over and got out of the car. The person was a woman wearing a bicycle helmet. An overturned bike was lying nearby. Cautiously, Cassie touched her shoulder. “Hey are you o.k.?” she asked. “Can you move?” The woman responded with a muffled groan.

4. Top 5 Most Common Injuries • Bleeding • Broken Bones • Sprains & Strains • Breathing Emergencies • Poisoning

5. What is the definition of first aid?? • Brainstorm your own definition….

6. DEFINITION • First aid is the immediate temporary care given to an ill or injured person until professional medical care can be provided.

7. Chain of Survival • The first responder • The emergency medical personnel (police, paramedics, E.M.T.’s, and firefighters) • Hospital Emergency Room Staff (doctors and nurses)

8. CHECK, CALL, CARE • You are watching T.V. when suddenly you hear a loud crash coming from the bathroom upstairs. You run up to the bathroom and open the door. Your dad is lying on the floor beside a small step ladder. The light fixture above is hanging loosely by one cord. The floor is wet from a recent shower and you think you can smell electrical smoke. What do you do?

9. Check: • Check the scene to make sure it is safe to approach. • Check the number of victims • Check dangerous situations that exist. • Check the scene for the mechanisms of injury. • Check for consciousness. • Check for vita signs; pulse, respiration and serious bleeding.

10. Pulse • Where can you find a pulse?

11. Call: • If the victim is unconscious call 911 immediately. • If the victim is conscious determine the severity of the injury before calling. • When calling 911 be prepared to state your name, the address that you are calling from , and the phone number that you are calling from • Do not hang up until the 911 operator does so first.

12. Care: • Perform a secondary survey from head to toe to determine other injuries, illnesses or information besides the obvious that might be important. • Use the acronym “SAMPLE,” signs, symptoms, allergies, medications, past medical problems, last meal, and events leading up to the accident to help gather information.

13. Universal Precautions • Body Fluids: • Blood • Sweat • Saliva • Urine • Feces • Use: • Gloves • Mask • Goggles • Other Protective Barriers

14. Secondary Survey http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xANZ0IjgEs&feature=related

15. S.A.M.P.L.E. • Signs and Symptoms • Allergies • Medications • Past Medical History • Last Meal • Event History

16. Good Samaritan Law • No one can be sued who is trying to help another person who is sick or injured. • Only remember: ASK PERMISSION FIRST & FOLLOW FIRST AID GUIDELINES.

17. Implied Consent • Pertains to Minors • Assumed by the courts that a parent would want you to treat their child if they are injured or become suddenly ill. • Do not need parent’s permission if they are not there.

18. Breathing Emergencies • The human brain can only survive 4 minutes without oxygen • Common causes of breathing emergencies include asthma attacks, suffocation, poisoning, electrocution, choking, and cardiac arrest.

19. Rescue Breathing Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Wq5Mup29JQ

20. CPR • Open an Airway • Look, Listen, and Feel for Breathing • If there is no signs of breathing the rescuer should provide a head tilt and administer 2 slow even breaths and then check for a pulse. • Assuming a pulse is present the rescuer should supply rescue breaths at a rate of one every 5 seconds. • The rescuer should stop and look for signs of spontaneous breathing every few minutes.

21. Bleeding Emergencies Shock Treatment

22. Today you will learn • A review of the skin • A review of the circulatory system • 7 types of wounds • 3 ways to control bleeding • 6 principles of bandaging • 4 types of shock • First Aid for shock

23. Wounds can involve 3 layers of cells Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis

24. The circulatory system is closed

25. There are 3 parts to the circulatory system • The “pump” or heart • The “fluid” or blood • The “pipes” or blood vessels • Together these 3 things work to make a constant blood pressure

26. Blood The are 5 or 6 liters of blood in the body Losing more than one pint will make you go into shock

27. The Heart Blood pressure and pulse are caused by the contraction of the left ventricle

28. Arteries Arteries have thick walls Bleeding is red Bleeding spurts

29. Capillaries Capillaries are one cell thick Blood moves slow Blood oozes Blood is still red

30. Veins Veins carry blood back to the heart Veins have darker blood Bleeding from veins is steady

31. There are 7 types of wounds Abrasions Avulsions Amputations Contusions Incisions Lacerations Punctures

32. Abrasion

33. Amputation

34. Avulsion

35. Contusion

36. Incision

37. Laceration

38. Puncture

39. 3 Methods of Bleeding Control • Direct Pressure • Elevation • Pressure Point

40. Principles of Bandaging • Use clean sterile dressings • Bandage wound snuggly • Leave no loose ends • Leave tips of extremities exposed • If bandage is too tight loosen it • Always place body part to be bandaged in position it is to be left • Add bandages, don’t subtract!

41. Direct Pressure

42. Elevation

43. Pressure Points

44. Common Pressure Points

45. Wrong?

46. Wound Infection • A wound infection happens when germs enter a break in the skin • Symptoms: • High or low body temperature, low blood pressure, or a fast heart beat. • Increased discharge (blood or other fluid) or pus coming out of the wound. The discharge or pus may have an odd color or a bad smell. • Increased swelling that goes past the wound area and does not go away after five days. Swollen areas usually look red, feel painful, and feel warm when you touch them. • Wounds that do not heal or get better with treatment. • An old wound that bleeds easily. • A wound that is painful, even though it does not look like it should be.

47. First Aid for Shock

48. Types of Shock • Loss of blood volume (hypovolemic shock) • Hypovolemicshock is an emergency condition in which severe blood and fluid loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body. This type of shock can cause many organs to stop working. • Pump failure (cardiogenic shock) • Cardiogenic shock is a state in which the heart has been damaged so much that it is unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the body. • Vascular system failure (neurogenic shock)

49. Symptoms of Shock- Cardiogenic • Chest pain or pressure • Profuse sweating, moist skin • Rapid breathing • Rapid pulse • Restlessness, agitation, confusion • Shortness of breath • Skin that feels cool to the touch • Pale skin color or blotchy (mottled) skin • Weak (thready) pulse • Decreased mental status • Loss of ability to concentrate • Loss of alertness • Coma (loss of consciousness)

50. Symptoms of Shock- Hypovolemic • Anxiety or agitation • Cool, clammy skin • Confusion • Decreased or no urine output • General weakness • Pale skin color (pallor) • Rapid breathing • Sweating, moist skin • Unconsciousness