Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution

5. Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution

6. Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution • Constitution ratified in 1787

7. Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution • Constitution ratified in 1787 • Bill of Rights adopted by Congress in 1791

9. First Amendment

10. First Amendment Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

11. First Amendment Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

12. Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press?

13. Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? • Threat to assassinate president

14. Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? • Threat to assassinate president • Offer a bribe to police officer

15. Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? • Threat to assassinate president • Offer a bribe to police officer • Treasonous to print war secrets... although usually not prosecuted (see New York Times)

16. Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? • Threat to assassinate president • Offer a bribe to police officer • Treasonous to print war secrets... although usually not prosecuted (see New York Times) • Broadcast obscenities

17. Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? • Threat to assassinate president • Offer a bribe to police officer • Treasonous to print war secrets... although usually not prosecuted (see New York Times) • Broadcast obscenities • Child pornography

18. Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? • Threat to assassinate president • Offer a bribe to police officer • Treasonous to print war secrets... although usually not prosecuted (see New York Times) • Broadcast obscenities • Child pornography • Libel (more to come later)

19. Has Congress passed laws restricting freedom of speech or the press? • Threat to assassinate president • Offer a bribe to police officer • Treasonous to print war secrets... although usually not prosecuted (see New York Times) • Broadcast obscenities • Child pornography • Libel (more to come later) • However, in general, the U.S. is considered among the nations with the freest press in the world thanks to the First Amendment

20. Who has least press freedom?

21. Who has least press freedom? • Eritrea, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Somalia, Iran, China, Vietnam, Cuba

22. Who has least press freedom? • Eritrea, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Somalia, Iran, China, Vietnam, Cuba • Commonalities: Communist or Islamic

23. But on college campuses... • “Hate speech” codes

24. But on college campuses... • “Hate speech” codes • University of Pennsylvania “water buffalo” case: student charged with violating speech code when he called boisterous black women students “water buffalo” (Hebrew: behema, means “foolish person”) • Prosecuted by the University with threat of expulsion • University grudgingly dropped charge • Most campuses have them

25. But on college campuses • “Discriminatory harassment includes conduct (oral, written, graphic or physical) directed against any person or, group of persons because of their race, color, national origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, or veteran's status and that has the purpose or reasonably foreseeable effect of creating an offensive, demeaning, intimidating, or hostile environment for that person or group of persons”

26. Highly skilled journalism professionals

27. History of Journalism

29. Luke 1:1-4 Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilledamong us, 2 just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. 3 With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.

30. Luke 1:1-4 Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled[a] among us, 2 just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. 3 With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.

32. How Mr. G would amend the preface

33. How Mr. G would amend the preface Somewhere, not too far from here, at this very moment, a church is feeding the homeless. A factory is making the best orange juice in the world while offering great jobs to thousands of area residents. A pharmaceutical saleswoman is introducing a new arthritis drug that will enable thousands of Sarasotans to lead better lives. A high school senior is completing his eight-mile run in the heat as he prepares for cross-country season. Just a typical day in America, in other words.

34. History of journalism • Gutenberg printing press in 1440

36. History of journalism • Gutenberg printing press in 1440 • 1600: first weekly papers in Europe

37. History of journalism • Gutenberg printing press in 1440 • 1600: first weekly papers in Europe • 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper

39. History of journalism • Gutenberg printing press in 1440 • 1600: first weekly papers in Europe • 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper • 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails

41. History of journalism • Gutenberg printing press in 1440 • 1600: first weekly papers in Europe • 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper • 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails • 1704: Boston News-Letter published; it makes it!

43. History of journalism • Gutenberg printing press in 1440 • 1600: first weekly papers in Europe • 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper • 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails • 1704: Boston News-Letter published; it makes it! • Daniel DeFoe publishes first instant book, “The Storm”

45. History of journalism • Gutenberg printing press in 1440 • 1600: first weekly papers in Europe • 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper • 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails • 1704: Boston News-Letter published; it makes it! • 1729: Ben Franklin takes over The Pennsylvania Gazette

47. History of journalism • Gutenberg printing press in 1440 • 1600: first weekly papers in Europe • 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper • 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails • 1704: Boston News-Letter published; it makes it! • 1729: Ben Franklin takes over The Pennsylvania Gazette • 1776: Declaration of Independence printed throughout colonies

48. History of journalism • Gutenberg printing press in 1440 • 1600: first weekly papers in Europe • 1665: Oxford Gazette (later London Gazette), first true English-language newspaper • 1690: Publick Occurrences published in Boston; fails • 1704: Boston News-Letter published; it makes it! • 1729: Ben Franklin takes over The Pennsylvania Gazette • 1776: Declaration of Independence printed throughout colonies • Bill of Rights codifies freedom of press, first established in Zenger case

49. History of journalism: 1800s • 1800: 20 dailies, 2,000 weeklies in U.S.

50. History of journalism: 1800s • 1800: 20 dailies, 2,000 weeklies in U.S. • 1833: “penny papers” emerge with publication of New York Sun