1. CSE 101 Spring 2000 Hardware (Bits & Bytes)

2. Understanding the Machine • Data versus Information • Data are raw facts • Information is the result of transforming/examining raw facts • One important function of computers is to transform data into information

3. The “Basic” Computer There are 4 basic parts of every computer • Input (input device = keyboard, mouse, microphone, etc.) • Processor (CPU = PentiumII, etc.) • Memory or Storage (64 MB RAM; 6 GB HD, etc) • Output (output device = screen, printers, speakers, etc.)

4. Harware vs. Software • Hardware refers to the physical components of the computer • Software refers to programs run on the computer

5. Measuring Your Data • Bit: The smallest measurement in a computer. A bit is either a 1 or a 0. • Byte: A group of 8 bits representing a character or number

6. Measuring Your Data • Binary Numbers 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 000 = 0 100 = 4 001 = 1 101 = 5 010 = 2 110 = 6 011 = 3 111 = 7 etc.

7. Measuring Your Data • Binary Letters 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 01000001 = A 01000010 = B 01000011 = C etc...

8. Measuring Your Data • Kilobyte (KB): 1,000 bytes • Megabyte (MB): 1 million bytes • Gigabyte (GB): 1 billion bytes • Terabyte (TB): 1 Trillion bytes

9. Types of Computers • Digital Computers • Analog Computers • Hybrid Computers • Special Purpose Computers • firmware • embeded

10. Types of Computers • Personal Computers (PC) • Often times called microcomputers • Minicomputers • Mainframes • Supercomputer • Parallel Computing

11. Types of Computers • Desktop • Laptop • Notebook • Subnotebook • Handheld PC or Palmtop • Often Called a PDA

12. Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse, Trackball, Graphics Tablet, Light Pen • Scanner • Digital Cameras • Microphone

13. Output Devices • Printers • InkJet • LaserJet • Thermal • Plotters • Pen • InkJet • LaserJet

14. Output Devices • Monitors • CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) • LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) • Speakers

15. Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent) • Floppy Disk • 720 KB - Double Sided Double Density 3.5” • 1.44MB - High Density 3.5” • Zip Disks (IOMEGA) • 100 MB • 250 MB

16. Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent) • Hard Drives • Vary from very small to 38GB • The smallest you can buy on the market today is about 4GB • Manufactures include: • Western Digital, Seagate, Quantum, and many others • IDE vs. SCSI

17. Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent) Optical Disks: Hold 650MB • CD- ROM • CDR • CDRW

18. RAM • Random Access Memory • 32 Pin • 72 Pin • DIMM • SDRAM • Flash Memory

19. ROM • Read Only Memory • PROM • EPROM • ROM BIOS • Flash BIOS • Video RAM (VRAM)

20. Processors • Intel • AMD • CYRIX

21. Motherboards Slots • 8 and 16 bit slots (ISA) • 32 Bit Slots (PCI) • 64 Bit Slots (AGP) Ports • Serial • Parallel • PS/2 • USB

22. Video Cards • Manufactures Include: • Diamond, Trident, Cirrus Logic, Tseng Labs…The list goes on and on. • The importance of video memory depends on the application • Video Capture Cards (TV Cards)

23. Sound Cards • Creative Labs is the main manufacturer, but there are many others • Sound cards have a wide price range and capability range

24. Modems • Manufacturers Include: • US Robotics, Zoom, Hayes and moany others There are lots of different types of modems. We’ll get into them when we cover the Internet.

25. Other Devices • Scanners • Digital Cameras • MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) • NICs (Network Interface Cards)