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Unit II. Classical Civilizations Greece. City- state:. A city and its surrounding lands functioning as independent political unit. Polis:. Greek word for city-state . Limited Democracy:. Form of gov’t where only a “select” segment of society participates in government. Direct Democracy:.
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Unit II • Classical Civilizations • Greece Izydorczak
City- state: A city and its surrounding lands functioning as independent political unit. Izydorczak
Polis: Greek word for city-state Izydorczak
Limited Democracy: Form of gov’t where only a “select” segment of society participates in government. Izydorczak
Direct Democracy: Form of gov’t where the citizens make the laws themselves through mass meetings. Izydorczak
Totalitarianism: A society where everything is controlled by either the gov’t or a dictator. Izydorczak
Pericles: Leader of Athens during its GOLDEN AGE Izydorczak
Golden Age • A time in a culture of high achievement in arts, literature, and science. Generally occurs in a time of peace Izydorczak
Oligarchy: Form of government where a few people rule/make the decisions for the rest of society Izydorczak
Alexander the Great: 356 BCE-323 BCE He conquered most of the ancient world from Asia Minor to Egypt and India, which began the Hellenistic culture which was a blending of Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian influences Izydorczak
Hellenistic: Blending of eastern and western cultures as a result of Alexander the Greats conquests Izydorczak
Unit II • Ancient Rome Izydorczak
Republic: System of government in which officials are chosen by the people Izydorczak
Patricians: Aristocratic landowners of the early Roman Republic Izydorczak
Plebeians: Commons of the early Roman Republic made up of farmers and artisans Izydorczak
Twelve Tables of Roman Law: System of laws during the Roman Empire Izydorczak
Absolute Ruler: A leader who has TOTAL POWER (his way or the highway!) Izydorczak
Augustus: First emperor of the Roman Empire whose reign ushered in the PAX ROMANA Izydorczak
Pax Romana: A 200 year period of relative peace throughout the Roman Empire. Occurs during the first two centuries C.E. Izydorczak
Christianity: Currently the most popular religion in the world based on the number of worshippers found throughout the world. While this monotheistic religion developed from Judaism, there are several key differences in its teachings. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ in the 1st century CE. The Christian holy book is called the Holy Bible. Izydorczak
Jesus Christ: Founder of Christianity. Considered by Christians to be the son of God and the Messiah. He is the central figure in the Christian Religion. Izydorczak
Diaspora: A forced “scattering” of a people (Jews/Africans) Izydorczak
Subcontinent • Large area that is a separate part of a continent divided by natural barriers (desert, mountains). South East Asia Izydorczak
Subcontinent physical features • Himalaya Mts., Deccan Plateau, Indo-Gangetic Plain, Thar Desert, E& W Ghats, (Brahmaputra River, Ganges River, Indus River), Hindu-Kush Mts. Izydorczak
China Physical Features • Himalaya Mts., Eastern lowlands, Huang He River, Yangtze River, Xi River Izydorczak
Archipelago • A group or chain of islands Izydorczak
Japanese archipelago • Four main islands. (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) Izydorczak
Asoka • (? – 232 BCE) King of the Maurya dynasty. He ruled nearly the entire subcontinent of India. He also was instrumental in the spread of Buddhism after his conversion (religious tolerant). Izydorczak
Gupta Dynasty • (320 – 550) C.E.) Ruling family in India during its golden age. Responsible for many achievements. Izydorczak
Centralized Government • A government which controls all aspects of society from a central location or through a central system Izydorczak
Civil-service • Created by the Han, government positions in which employees are hired based on examination scores (merit). Izydorczak
Assimilation • The adoption of a conqueror’s culture by a conquered people. Izydorczak
Confucius • Chinese philosopher and writer of The Analects, a collection of moral and social teachings, including the concept of the Five Relationships. Also known as Kong Fu Zi. Izydorczak
Confucianism • Philosophy created by Confucius to bring order back to society—dominates Asia culture. Izydorczak
Filial Piety • Respect and obedience owed to parents/elders by children. Izydorczak
Sub-Saharan Africa • Africa BELOW the Sahara Desert Izydorczak
Desertification • Process by which semi arid land turns to desert Izydorczak
Sahel • Area directly bordering the Sahara to its South that is undergoing desertification Izydorczak
Escarpment • Tall cliffs/walls of rock that dominate parts of the West coast of Africa; barrier to transportation and communication Izydorczak
Nile, Congo, Zambezi, Niger • Main river systems of Africa Izydorczak
Savanna • Flat, grassy plains of Africa; home to much of the wildlife (lions, tigers, wildebeests, etc) Izydorczak
Kilimanjaro & Kenya • Two major Mountains in Africa Izydorczak
Tribe • A social grouping of people sharing the same culture Izydorczak
Clan • A group of people united by kinship or descent (blood). A tribe may be made of many clans. Izydorczak
Griot • In West African culture, a Griot is the “story-teller” of the tribe. They keep the history of the tribe alive by passing it orally (stories, songs, etc…) to the children of the tribe. Izydorczak
Consensus • A general agreement among members of a given group. Izydorczak
Bride Wealth • A payment that is made by the future husband to the bride’s family. Family/marriage alliance. Izydorczak
Ancestor Worship • Worship given to deceased relatives who are believed to be closer to the Gods, and therefore able to grant favors. Izydorczak
Animism • Belief system whereby spirits are present in animals, plants and nature Izydorczak
Subsistence Farming • Farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed the family and to pay taxes or feudal dues. Also called self-sufficient farming. Izydorczak