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Engineered Solid Fuel

Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF) represents a leading-edge waste processing technology converting non-hazardous municipal solid waste (MSW) into high-energy, low-emission refuse-derived fuel (RDF). With operations from two facilities, we recycle thousands of tons of waste annually, supplying power plants with RDF generated from 740,000 tons of MSW, enough to power 55,000 homes. Our mission, "Target Zero," aims to minimize landfill dependency while creating a stable, environmentally friendly energy source. We pursue innovative waste processing methods to enhance operational efficiency and support sustainable energy solutions.

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Engineered Solid Fuel

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  1. Engineered Solid Fuel Introduction Kim Erickson, President 612-750-1335 kim.erickson@rrtmn.com kimberickson@comcast.net

  2. Engineered Solid FuelContents • Background • Waste Processing Technology “Study” • The Technology - ESF • “Target Zero” – To Landfill • Kim Erickson, President • 612-750-1335 • kim.erickson@rrtmn.com • kimberickson@comcast.net

  3. Engineered Solid FuelBackground • Currently Operate Two Processing Facilities Which Convert Non-Hazardous Municipal Solid Waste (“MSW”) Into A Fuel Source Called Refuse Derived Fuel (“RDF”) • Annually • 830,000 Tons Of MSW Subscribed • 740,000 Tons Of MSW Processed • 625,000 Tons Of RDF Generated • 31,000 Metals Recovered & Recycled • Waste Shed Serviced Already Has A Mature Recycling Program In Place

  4. Engineered Solid FuelBackground • Annually (Continued) • RDF Supplied To Power Plants Generates Enough “Green” Electricity To Power 55,000 Homes Annually • Supply Three Power Plants – Xcel Energy (two) & Great River Energy

  5. Engineered Solid FuelBackground • My Role • Drive Operational Efficiencies, In Light Of/Anticipation Of Declining County Financial Support, To Maintain Viability Of The Existing Business • Research Waste Processing Technologies For A Practical & Capable Alternative To The RDF Model

  6. Engineered Solid FuelWaste Processing Technology “Study” • Not Married To Any One Technology • Goal - Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted) • Objectives • High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Multiple End-Users • Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties • Value Add Product • Environmentally Friendly Operations • No Bonding, No Subsidies – Stand Alone

  7. Engineered Solid FuelWaste Processing Technology “Study” • Discovered That There Is No “Silver Bullet” / “One Size Fits All” Technology For All Waste Streams Best Use Modeling • Reduction – Problematic Waste • Gasification – Biomass, Homogeneous Waste Feedstock • Anaerobic Digestion – Food & Animal Waste, Homogeneous Waste Feedstock • Solid Fuel Combustion - Residential & Light Commercial Waste (MSW)

  8. Engineered Solid FuelWaste Processing Technology “Study” • Best Use Modeling • Solid Fuel Combustion - Residential & Light Commercial Waste (MSW) • Mass Burn – Combustion Of Non Processed MSW To Generate On Site Steam And/Or Electricity (raw waste) • Refuse Derived Fuel – Combustion Of Processed MSW To Generate Electricity At Modified Power Plants (fluff or compressed pellet) • Engineered Solid Fuel – Combustion Of Highly Refined & Reformulated MSW Used As A Fuel Source By Potentially Any Coal Fired Combustor (extruded pellet)

  9. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW • Goal – Achieved….. • Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted) • Objectives – All Achieved….. • High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Multiple End-Users • Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties • Value Add Product • Environmentally Friendly Operations • No Bonding, No Subsidies – Stand Alone

  10. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW Goal – Achieved • Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted) • Proprietary Processes (later explained) • First Plant Commenced Operations In The Summer 2008 • 220,000 Ton Facility In Vaughn, Ontario • Product Demand Exceeds Supply • Plant Designs To 600,000 Tons MSW • Satisfies All Technology Objectives Dongara www.dongara.ca

  11. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW Goal – Achieved • Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted)

  12. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW Goal – Achieved • Leading Edge, But Proven Technology (risk adjusted)

  13. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW Objectives – All Achieved • High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Multiple End-Users • Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties • Value Add Product • Environmentally Friendly Operations • No Bonding, No Subsidies – Stand Alone Dongara www.dongara.ca

  14. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • High Energy Content • Coal Substitute….But With Lower Emissions • Customer Spec’d To 12,000+ BTU • Homogeneous Feedstock • “Complete” Burn

  15. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Low Emissions – How Achieved….. • Processes Which Result In A Highly Refined & Reformulated MSW • Conventional Materials Separation (~RDF) • Advanced Materials Separation • Dramatically Reduced & Consistent Moisture Content • Introduction Of Low Emission Waste Stream Additives • 120,000 +/- Tons For A 600,000 MSW Plant

  16. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Low Emissions – How Achieved….. • Conventional Materials Separation (~RDF) • Metals (ferrous & non-ferrous) • Non-combustibles

  17. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Low Emissions – How Achieved….. • Advanced Materials Separation • Remove Unacceptable Plastics Which Spike Emissions • Utilize Optical Sensors • Currently Can Identify 128 Grades Of Plastics • Remove “Fines” From Improperly Disposed Electronic Equipment & Batteries (transition (“heavy”) metals) • = Lower Emissions

  18. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Low Emissions – How Achieved….. • Dramatically Reduced & Consistent Moisture Content • High Moisture Content Requires More Fuel Combustion To Attain Required Energy Output = Higher Emissions • Inconsistent Moisture Content Results In Incomplete Burn; Incomplete Burn = Higher Emissions • Processed Metro MSW Moisture Content Ranges From <5% To 40%+ • ESF Spec’d At A Constant 8% = Lower Emissions

  19. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Low Emissions – How Achieved….. • Introduction Of Low Emission Waste Stream Additives • Utilization Of Select Plastics Ensures • High BTU Fuel • Homogeneous Fuel • Low Emissions Fuel • Contracted Separately From MSW Stream • Generally Would End Up In Landfills

  20. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Low Emissions • Emissions Certifications In Progress • Cement Kilns • Green Houses • Results Showing Dramatically Reduced SOX, NOX & CO2 • Low To Substantially No Sulfur • NOX Lower Than Coal Mixture • CO2 Lower Than Coal Mixture

  21. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Low Emissions • Have Conducted In Depth Analysis For Three States “Of Interest” Having Strict Standards • Exceed State Requirements

  22. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Low Emissions • Exceed Requirements Of Customer Coal Mixture • Of Particular Interest • Sulfur • Mercury • Lead • Chromium

  23. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Low Emissions – Chemical Analysis - Elements Measured Antimony Chromium Silver Arsenic Lead Thallium Barium Mercury Vanadium Beryllium Nickel Zinc Cadmium Selenium Sulfur

  24. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved Multiple End-Users • Coal Fired Combustors • Primary Target • Deemed To Be The Highest Emitter Of Greenhouse Gases • Gasification Projects • Near Perfect Homogeneous Feedstock

  25. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved Multiple End-Users • Potentially Any Coal Fired Combustor • Cement Kilns – ESF In Use • Power Plants • Green Houses – ESF In Use • Ethanol Plants • Pulverized – ESF In Use • Chunk / Briquette – ESF In Use • Low To Substantially No Chlorine (covalent compound)

  26. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties • Stable • Shelf Life Of Months / Years • Virtually No Odor • Consistent • Spec’d To Customer Requirements • Reliable Supply – Inventory Reserves Addresses MSW Supply Volatility • Transportable • Trade Region Similar To Coal • Piggyback Coal Transportation Infrastructure

  27. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved Value Add Product • 500,000 Ton MSW ESF Facility • ~5 MW Power Input Translates Into 80 - 90 MW Power Output • Homogeneous With Coal But With Dramatically Lower Emissions • Value To End User? Self-Explanatory…..

  28. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved Environmentally Friendly Operations • Operations Are Common To Transfer & Recycling Facilities • Essentially A Transfer Station • Mated To A Sorting & Recycling Plant • Zero Processing Emissions • Power Source Solely Electricity • No Thermal Processing • No Ground Contamination Risk • Not A User Of Water, But A Net Generator Of Water

  29. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW – Objectives All Achieved Environmentally Friendly Operations • Operations Are Common To Transfer & Recycling Facilities • All Commodities Are Transported Off Site • ESF • Recyclables • Reusable's

  30. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)“Target Zero” • Zero Processed MSW To Landfill • ESF • Metals Recycled • Unacceptable Plastics Recycled • Non-Combustibles For Concrete Products

  31. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW • Goal – Achieved….. • Identify A Leading Edge, But Proven Technology • Objectives – All Achieved….. • High Energy Content Fuel With Low Emissions • Multiple End-Users • Stable, Consistent, Transportable Fuel Properties • Value Add Product • Environmentally Friendly Operations • No Bonding, No Subsidies – Stand Alone • “Target Zero” Waste To Landfill

  32. The Technology - Engineered Solid Fuel (ESF)Best Use For MSW Dongara www.dongara.ca • Kim Erickson, President • 612-750-1335 • kim.erickson@rrtmn.com • kimberickson@comcast.net

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