Learning Objectives

1. Learning Objectives • Adopt a professional approach to motivation and recognize differences in other people’s motives • Appreciate the range of ideas on travel motivation • Be aware of contemporary research practices in tourism that integrate motive and feature destination assessments • Be familiar with conceptual approaches to tourism motivation and recognize there is continual development and enhancement of ideas in this field

2. Requirements of a Sound Theory of Tourist Motivation • Role of the theory • Ownership and appealof the theory • Ease of communication • Ability to measure travel motivation • Multi-motive versus single trait approach • Dynamic versus snapshot approach • Roles of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

3. Travelers tend to be more selective in their emphasis on travel motives with experience Travelers have multiple motives in their pattern of needs even though one category of needs may be more dominant Fulfillment needs Need for self-actualization Need for flow experiences Self-esteem/development needs Self=directed Other=directed Need for status Need for respect and recognition Need for achievement Need for self-development Need for growth Need for curiosity/mental stimulation Need for mastery, control, competence Need for self-efficacy Need to repeat intrinsically satisfying behaviors Relationship needs Other=directed Self=directed Need to reduce anxiety about others Need to affiliate Need to give love, direction Safety/security needs Self=directed Other=directed Need to reduce anxiety Need to predict and explain the world Need for security Physiological Externally oriented Internally oriented Need for escape, excitement, curiosity Need for arousal, external excitement and stimulation Need for sex, eating, drinking Need for relaxation (manage arousal level) A “spine” or “core” of needs for nearly all travelers seems to include relationships, curiosity, and relaxation © John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2009