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SNC 1D1 – Properties of Non-Metals and Metalloids Non-metals usually have the following properties: Most are gases at ro

SNC 1D1 – Properties of Non-Metals and Metalloids Non-metals usually have the following properties: Most are gases at room temperature. Solid non-metals have no metallic lustre. Some such as sulphur are brightly coloured. Solid non-metals are brittle.

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SNC 1D1 – Properties of Non-Metals and Metalloids Non-metals usually have the following properties: Most are gases at ro

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  1. SNC 1D1 – Properties of Non-Metals and Metalloids Non-metals usually have the following properties: Most are gases at room temperature. Solid non-metals have no metallic lustre. Some such as sulphur are brightly coloured. Solid non-metals are brittle. Usually poor conductors of electricity and thermal energy. Example: Carbon (C), sulfur (S), oxygen (O)

  2. Sulphur(A Solid Non- Metal) • a brittle, bright yellow solid. • sulphur burns with a blue flame. • sulphur is found near volcanoes and hot springs. • links between sulphur atoms in proteins make hair curly. • sulphur is also used to make chemicals like sulphuric acid

  3. Mining Sulphur Near an Active Volcano Crystallized sulphur

  4. Non-Metals in the Air • Most gases in the air are non-metals. 78 % nitrogen 21% oxygen 0.9% argon 0.1% neon, helium, krypton, and compounds like carbon dioxide. • Oxygen is required for all animals to breathe. Plants make oxygen in photosynthesis • Nitrogen makes up 78 % of the atmosphere. Nitrogen in SCUBA tanks can cause “the bends” if divers rise to the surface too quickly.

  5. Halogens • Group 17 elements such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine are highly reactive. • Most halogens are toxic. • Chlorine and bromine can be used to disinfect water for drinking or swimming. • Iodine combined with alcohol is commonly used as a disinfectant to clean wounds. • Iodine tablets can be used to clean water when camping.

  6. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine Tincture of iodine Used in disinfecting.

  7. Noble Gases: • Noble gases in group 18 rarely react. • Helium (He) filled balloons rise in the air because they are lighter than air. • Xenon (Xe) is used in the bluish high-intensity headlights of vehicles. • Neon (Ne) and argon (Ar) give off brightly coloured light when electricity passes through them.

  8. Xenon Headlamps Helium Balloons vs Hot air balloons

  9. Neon Lighting

  10. Properties of Metalloids: • Metalloids have propertiesin between those of metals and non-metals. • All metalloids are solids at room temperature. • Some metalloids are weak conductors of electricity and thermal energy.

  11. Semiconductors • Some metalloids conductelectricity to some degree • Silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge) are useful in making semiconductors. • Semiconductors are used to make parts of electric circuits. • The flow of electricity in a semiconductor can be more easily controlled than in materials such as copper. • This allows computer chips to do complex tasks. • Another metalloid arsenic has been used as a wood preservative and was used as an insecticide for fruit trees. • It can escape into the environment and contaminate soil, water, air and food.

  12. Semiconductor wafer

  13. Homework Page 227 # 1 – 6 Page 229 # 1 - 7

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