Money Ethic Scale Part 4

1. Money Ethic Scale Part 4

2. OCB Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Bateman & Organ, 1983; Organ, 1988; Organ & Ryan, 1995; Smith, Organ, & Near, 1983; OCB: Altruism Generalized Compliance (Conscientiousness)

3. OCB Altruism: a class of helping behaviors aimed directly at specific persons Generalized Compliance (Conscientiousness): a good soldier or good citizen syndrome of doing things that are right and proper, for the sake of the system

4. OCB Motives • A single undifferentiated helping motive (Cnaan & Goldberg-Glen, 1991) • A two-dimensional structure: • Altruistic, Instrumental (Allen & Rush, 1998; Eastman, 1994)

5. OCB Motives 4. Altruistic, Egoistic (Frisch & Gerranrd, 1981) • Other-serving, Self-serving (Batson & Shaw, 1991) • Personal Value, Egoistic (Puckett & Wagner, 1996)

6. OCB Motives Public Self vs. Private Self (Baumeister, 1986) Private Self-Serving Motives Public Other-Serving Motives

7. Private Motives Impression Management Self-handicapping Social Exchange Receiver Characteristics

8. Public Motives Concern for Organization Organizational Culture Concern for People Situational Variable

9. OBSE Organizational members believe that they can satisfy their needs by participating in roles within the context of an organization (Pierce, Gardner, Cummings, & Dunham, 1989)

10. OBSE As such, it is the self-perceived value that employees have of themselves within their employing organization.

11. OBSE OBSE predicts both the Altruism and Conscientiousness dimensions of OCB in American and Mid-eastern cultures (Tang & Ibrahim, 1998)

12. Money and OCB The lowest levels of helping behavior have been documented among participants assigned difficult goals and paid on the basis of goal attainment (Wright, George, Farnsworth, & McMahan, 1993)

13. MES, Motives, OBSE, & OCB Whole .21 .42 Private Motives Altruism .46* -.18* .38 .65* MES Success OBSE .61* .00 .38 .07 .59* Public Motives Conscientiousness

14. MES, Motives, OBSE, & OCB The US .21 .43 Private Motives Altruism .46* -.17* .37 .65* MES Success OBSE .61* .00 .37 .06 .59* Public Motives Conscientiousness

15. MES, Motives, OBSE, & OCB Non-US .19 .69 Private Motives Altruism .43* -.15* .64 .83* MES Success OBSE .38* .02 .15 -.13* .78* Public Motives Conscientiousness

16. MES, Motives, OBSE, & OCB The US .21 .43 Private Motives Altruism .46* -.17* .37 .65* MES Success OBSE .61* .00 .37 .06 .59* Public Motives Conscientiousness

17. MES, Motives, OBSE, & OCB .24 Taiwan .58 Private Motives Altruism .49* -.02 .43 .76* MES Success OBSE .56* .16 .31 .40* .66* Public Motives Conscientiousness

18. MES, Motives, OBSE, & OCB Poland .35 .34 Private Motives Altruism .59* .02 .29 .59* MES Success OBSE .27* .02 .07 .13 .54* Public Motives Conscientiousness

19. MES, Motives, OBSE, & OCB Egypt .16 .93 Private Motives Altruism .39* -.26* .50 .96* MES Success OBSE .89* .01 .80 -.11 .64* Public Motives Conscientiousness

20. Culture Free (etic) Paths 1. MES  Private Motives 2. Public Motives  OBSE  Altruism

21. MES, Motives, OBSE, & OCB etic Private Motives Altruism * * MES Success OBSE * Public Motives Conscientiousness

22. Materialism and Money Ethic In popular usage, materialism more often refers to a “devotion to material needs and desires (Oxford English Dictionary, 1989) The importance a consumer attaches to worldly possessions (Belk, 1985; p. 265)

23. Materialism and Money Ethic The worship of things (Bredemeier & Toby, 1960, p. 77) 3 elements: 1. Acquisition Centrality 2. Acquisition as the pursuit of Happiness • Possession-defined Success (Richins & Dawson, 1990, 1992)

24. Materialism and Money Ethic Materialism  Money Ethic Money Ethic  Materialism

25. MES  Materialism .54* Materialism Age .74* -.14* Sex -.02 .03 MES -.17* Education

26. Materialism  MES Age -.09* .01 Materialism -.04 Sex -.07 .57* Education .32 MES

27. Discussion • Money is important for people in the USA and around the world. • Income has a significant impact on the American people’s Money Ethic endorsement. • Money can be used to attract, retain, and motivate employees.

28. Discussion • American people who value money have high voluntary turnover regardless of their intrinsic job satisfaction. Money attitude (Money Ethic) has a significant impact on work-related attitudes and behavior. • Money Ethic Scale will be a useful tool for researchers and practitioners in HRM and OB fields.

29. Thank You Danke Dankeshen Grazie Merci Muchas Gracias

30. Money and the Agency Theory • Agency theory can be meaningfully used to analyze internal control relationships between allocators (principals) and those receiving allocations (agents). • It provides a theoretical framework to predict the basis of pay for “nonprogrammable” jobs, or jobs consisting of tasks that are difficult to structure and where incumbents enjoy extensive discretion (Gomez-Mejia & Balkin, 1992)

31. Pay-Performance Linkage:190 Private Universities • Research Institutions • Doctorate-Granting I Institutions • Liberal-Arts Institutions • Expenditures • Type of Institution • Academic Reputation Ranking • Mid-point SAT Scores • Tang, Tang, & Tang

32. University CEO Pay • Expenditures*** • Research/Doctoral** • Law, Business, Medical Schools* • Region • Reputation** • SAT, Year Founded • Faculty, Student • Tuition

33. CEO Benefits • Expenditures*** • Research/Doctoral*** • Law, Business, Medical Schools • Region • Reputation** • SAT, Year Founded • Faculty, Student • Tuition*

34. CEO Total Compensation • Expenditures*** • Research/Doctoral** • Law, Business, Medical Schools • Region • Reputation* • SAT, Year Founded • Faculty, Student • Tuition**

35. Derek Bok (1993):The Cost of Talent • Do we compensate highly educated people in the United States in ways that serve the best interests of the nation? • Are some people paid too much and others too little? • What effect do differences in earnings have on the career choices of the talented? • Do we pay executives and professionals in ways that motivate them to work hard at the right things?