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Revolutions in Russia Totalitarianism Unit 7, SSWH 17 b

Revolutions in Russia Totalitarianism Unit 7, SSWH 17 b. Czars & Autocratic Rule. Government censors written criticism; secret police monitor schools Non-Russians living in Russia are treated harshly Jews become target of gov . -backed pogroms (mob violence). Revolutionary Movement Grows.

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Revolutions in Russia Totalitarianism Unit 7, SSWH 17 b

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  1. Revolutions in Russia TotalitarianismUnit 7, SSWH 17 b

  2. Czars & Autocratic Rule • Government censors written criticism; secret police monitor schools • Non-Russians living in Russia are treated harshly • Jews become target of gov. -backed pogroms (mob violence)

  3. Revolutionary Movement Grows • Industrialization breeds discontent over working conditions, wages • Growing popularity of Marxist idea that the proletariat (workers) will rule • Bolsheviks—Marxists who favor revolution by a small committed group: Lenin—Bolshevik leader

  4. Bloody Sunday: The Revolution of 1905 - workers demand reforms • Army fires into the crowd, killing many • Massacre leads to widespread unrest; Czar Nicholas forced to make reforms

  5. WWI: The Final Blow • Heavy losses in WWI reveal govt’s weakness • Nicholas goes to war front; Czarina Alexandra runs govt • Army losing effectiveness; people hungry & unhappy

  6. Czar Steps Down • March (Bolshevik) Revolution— Nicholas abdicates throne • In November 1917, workers take control of the govt.

  7. Bolsheviks in Power • Lenin gives land to peasants, puts workers in control of factories • Bolsheviks sign treaty with Germany; Russia out of WWI • Civil War between Bolsheviks’ Red Army & loosely allied White Army

  8. New Economic Policy Political Reforms - country renamed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) • NEP & peace restore economy shattered by war & revolution • Lenin creates self-governing republics under national government • Communist Party—new name taken by Bolsheviks from writings of Marx

  9. New Leader • Joseph Stalin—cold, hard Communist Party general secretary in 1922 • Lenin dies in 1924, Stalin gains complete control in 1928 • Totalitarianism—govt that dominates every aspect of life

  10. Police Terror, Indoctrination, Censorship, Religious Persecution • Govt uses police to spy on & intimidate • Govt shapes people’s minds through slanted education • Govt controls all mass media, crushes opposing views • Govt attacks Russian Orthodox Church, loss of rights

  11. Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State Police State – Great Purge • Terror campaign against Stalin’s perceived enemies • By the end of 1938, Stalin in complete control; 8–13 million dead

  12. New Economic System, Industrial & Agricultural Revolution • Command economy—government makes all economic decisions Five-Year Plans—Stalin’s plans for developing the economy • Result: large growth in industrial power; shortage of consumer goods

  13. In 1928, government creates collective farms—large, owned by state • Peasants resist this change; 5–10 million die in crackdown • By 1938, agricultural production rising

  14. Total Control Achieved – Stalin transformed Soviet Union by mid-1930s • Totalitarian regime: industrial & political power, controls all aspects of Soviet life: -unopposed dictator -rules by terror instead of constitutional government -demands conformity, obedience

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