Role of Space Agency in Disaster Risk Management

1. Role of Space Agency in Disaster Risk Management

2. The national space agency can assist National Disaster Management Agencies during all the phases of disaster cycle. This includes • Early warning /Contingency planning • Rescue/Relief • Early Recovery • Reconstruction & Rehabilitation Space Aid in Disaster Management

3. Provision of weather forecasts through Met Deptts(weather satellites) Rainfall estimation, medium and long term forecast for rains, cyclones, Tsunami, etc Space Aid in Disaster Management (cont’d) GOES-8 An American Weather Satellite

4. Spatial coverage of disaster events through (Earth Observation Satellites) Monitoring extent of disaster, synoptic and repetitive coverage of disaster stricken areas, estimation of damages and loss assessment and assistance in spatial planning for reconstruction and rehabilitation and hazard risks zonation Space Aid in Disaster Management (cont’d)

5. Provide/facilitate emergency communication services during disaster through (communication satellites) Space Aid in Disaster Management (cont’d)

6. Location based services /crowd source mapping through (Constellation of Navigational satellites-GNSS) Space Aid in Disaster Management (cont’d)

7. Develop mechanisms to allow humanitarian agencies to get access to the maps/images for emergency response (Geo-portals etc) Space Aid in Disaster Management (cont’d)

8. Satellite Aided Search and Rescue Program (COSPAS-SARSAT) Distress signal from space Pakistan Karachi Data Acquisition Search & Rescue Data Reception • Constellation of Russian, US, French and Canadian Geo-stationary & LEO Satellites • Receives Distress Signals from Aircrafts, Vessels, Personnel Ground Receiving Station Data Distribution Data Processing Data Product Rescue Coordinate Centers

9. Real time data for research studies on climate change variables using (space based scientific missions) Space Aid in Disaster Management (cont’d) Megha-Tropiques is a satellite mission to study the water cycle in the tropical atmosphere in the context of climate change]. A collaborative effort between Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and French Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Megha-Tropiques was successfully deployed into orbit by a PSLV rocket in October 2011.

10. An eye in the sky

11. Disaster Management Frame work At all tiers of a National Disaster Management Framework, the availability of reliable data on spatial reference is of paramount importance for right decision making

12. There is international agreement that investment in prevention and mitigation before an emergency will reduce the cost of recovering afterwards. • Australia has estimated that every dollar spent on disaster mitigation saves at least three dollars in economic and social recovery. • The International Federation of the Red Cross has estimated that if  US $40 billion had been invested in mitigation measures in the 1990s worldwide economic losses of US $280 billion resulting  from   disasters would have been avoided. • The World Bank has estimated that by spending one percent of a structure’s value on vulnerability reduction measures can reduce probable maximum loss from hurricanes on average, by a third. (http://www.barrie.ca) Disaster Prevention

13. During the last decades remote sensing (RS) has become an operational tool in the disaster preparedness and warning phases for cyclones, droughts and floods, due to their speedy reach and coverage. RS satellites have different types of sensors on-board, such as, panchromatic, multispectral, infrared and thermal. All these sensors have applications in disaster mitigation, though depending on the electromagnetic characteristics of the objects on Earth and the nature of disaster itself. For example, thermal sensors capture fire hazards, infrared sensors are more suitable for floods and microwave sensors can record soil moisture. Nearly all kinds of disasters, such as, earthquake, volcano, tsunami, forest fire, hurricane and floods can be remotely sensed using RS satellites. Role of Remote Sensing & GIS in Disaster Management

14. Role of Remote Sensing & GIS in Disaster Management (cont’d)

15. Floods & Land sliding • Asses coastal resources including mangrove forests, salt pans • Environmental impact assessment in the fragile ecosystems • Monitor rapid processes of erosion, sedimentation • Map coastal configuration, bathymetry, navigation channels and landforms • Crop area estimation • Crop yield and production forecasting and estimation • Monitor areal extent of snow cover • Estimation of snowmelt & rainfall runoff • Study indicators related to glacial hazards • Development of regional glacier database Role of Remote Sensing & GIS in Disaster Prevention RS data can be effectively utilized to undertake the following measures for disaster prevention:

16. Earthquake • Identification of regional structural trends ,folds, major faults, lineaments and fracture zones • Distinguish, classify and analyze landforms of variegated origin at the crust of earth • Study and monitor the modification of landforms • Prepare maps of land forms and terrain for detailed analysis • Forest Fire • Classify forest resources extending to inaccessible areas • Drought • Monitor desert encroachment, overgrazing and depletion in biomass Role of Remote Sensing & GIS in Disaster Prevention (cont’d)

17. Infrastructure Planning • Locate appropriate sites for dams, bridges and airfields • Select suitable land corridors for railway, highway and pipeline routes • Identify sites for locating coastal infrastructure, beach development and harbors • Analyze dynamic nature of stream erosion, deposition and course change to design flood protection bunds • Infrastructure mapping through satellite technology Role of Remote Sensing & GIS in Disaster Prevention (cont’d)

18. Disaster Preparedness • Emergencies can happen anywhere at any time with little or no warning. The best protection in any emergency is to be prepared for the unexpected and know what to do. This will help in controlling the situation better and allow to recover more quickly. In disaster preparedness phase, GIS is a tool for the planning of evacuation routes, for the design of centers for emergency operations, and for merging of satellite data with other relevant data in the design of disaster warning systems. Role of Remote Sensing & GIS in Disaster Preparedness

19. High resolution satellite data serve to show potential changes that might occur between the acquisition dates before and after disasters. High-resolution satellite imagery offers possibilities for the earthquake damage assessment and, thus, multidisciplinary approach combining remote sensing techniques, spatial analysis and terrain knowledge Current, accurate information such as of hospitals and health centers, schools, governmental buildings, police and fire stations, industrial buildings, and gas stations, is important for emergency planning and response measurements. Actual satellite data contribute to this task. Role of Remote Sensing & GIS in Disaster Preparedness (cont’d) Planning of Evacuation Routes Roads Susceptible to Flooding Location study: accessibility for ambulance, fire brigade, police etc

20. Disaster Relief, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction • RS technology plays vital role in both the immediate relief and long-term development phases of disaster relief/rehab and Reconstruction. • Satellite imagery assists in estimating the damaged infrastructure and analyzing the severity of vital services required to any community, undertaking detailed damage need assessments and urban development planning. Role of Remote Sensing & GIS in Disaster Relief

21. “The best gift that you can give to someone is your time, because when you give someone your time you have given him a portion of your life that you will never get back.” Thank You

22. Space Application in Different sectors

23. Space Applications • Monitor, forecast and map various hazards • Prepare maps and management plans against each type of hazards • Damage assessment in the affected area • Mapping flood prone areas

24. Space Applications • Crop area estimation • Crop yield and production forecast • Advance technologies for food security • Better planning for cropping different crops

25. Space Applications • Snow cover and runoff • Precipitation and moisture estimation • Surface energy balance & evapotranspiration

26. Space Application • Assess coastal resources • Environment impact assessment • Erosion/sedimentation monitoring • Mapping of coastal configuration, navigation channels and landforms

27. Space Application • Identification of regional structural trends , folds, fault lines • Geological mapping for potential hydrocarbon zones • Selection of potential mineral sites

28. Space Application • Preparation of maps of soil, landuse, landcover for urban planning • Locating appropriate sites for dams, bridges and airfields • Selection of suitable land corridors for railways, highways and pipelines

29. Space Application • Infrastructure mapping through satellite technology • Mobile irrigation survey system • Vehicle tracking and fleet management

30. Space Application • Estimation of variations in glaciers size through historical satellite data • Studying of indicators related to glacial hazards • Development of regional glacier database

31. Space Application • Multi tier applications • Integration of external gadgets and data connectivity with multiple servers • RS & GIS customized front end with third party integration feature

32. DAM Site Selection Space Application A Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Approach for Selection of Potential Sites for Dam / Water Reservoir Most suitable Location

33. 3D Terrain Mapping Space Application Terrain Information Digital mapping of large and inaccessible areas thus saving time and cost Surface Geological Information

34. Pakistan: Rains/Floods August 2013 (A case example)

39. Rapid Damage Assessment Earthquake 2005

40. Role of Space Technologies in Disaster Risk Reduction is useful and is being increasingly recognized by DRM Community