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EXHIBIT “A”

EXHIBIT “A”. EXHIBIT “B”. “Suspected chemical contamination…”. The Cuyahoga River. Feeds Lake Erie…. Male Fish are turning Female???. NBC: Hormones in Water Turn Male Fish Into Females - YouTube► 2:36► 2:36www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1MsWUGkOFE

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EXHIBIT “A”

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  1. EXHIBIT “A”

  2. EXHIBIT “B”

  3. “Suspected chemical contamination…”

  4. The Cuyahoga River • Feeds Lake Erie…

  5. Male Fish are turning Female???

  6. NBC: Hormones in Water Turn Male Fish Into Females - YouTube► 2:36► 2:36www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1MsWUGkOFE • Drugs in your drinking water? - Video on NBCNews.com - MSN.com►►video.msnbc.msn.com/msnbc/23558925

  7. EXHIBIT “C”

  8. EXHIBIT “D”

  9. EXHIBIT “E”

  10. What’s wrong with this picture???

  11. Major Categories

  12. Major Categories… • Infectious agents (bacteria, parasites, viruses) • Oxygen demanding wastes (sewage, animal waste, plant debris) • Inorganic chemicals (acids, toxic metals) • Organic chemicals (Oil, gasoline, pesticides)

  13. Continued… • Inorganic plant nutrients (NO3-, PO4-, NH4+) • Sediment (soil, silt) • Radioactive materials (radon, uranium, cesium) • Heat or Thermal (heat from power plants – coal and nuclear)

  14. What happens: • to oxygen levels when oxygen-demanding wastes are added? • to algae populations when phosphates and nitrates are added?

  15. to the rate of photosynthesis if there’s excess sediment? • to the amount of DO if there’s excess sediment? • to the amount of DO when there’s thermal pollution?

  16. Point Source: discharge pollutants at specific locations

  17. Non-Point Source: scattered and diffuse; can not be traced to any single point.

  18. The leading Non-Point Source of water pollution:

  19. Eutrophication: Natural nutrient enrichment

  20. Cultural Eutrophication: excessive inputs of nutrients due to human activities. • What are NUTRIENTS????

  21. Produce “blooms” of algae, cyanobacteria, or aquatic plants • Initially, produce Oxygen; however, massive die-offsand decomposition via bacteria sucks OUT all Oxygen • Ecosystem suffocates!!

  22. Animal wastes • Fertilizer run-off (agricultural and domestic) • Sewage • 80-90% of raw sewage in developing countries dumped directly into lakes/streams • Approx. 85% of raw sewage from people around Mediterranean Sea dumped along the coast

  23. 1.3 billion tons of animal waste produced in the U.S.Pollution strength up to 160 times greater than raw municipal waste.Animal wastes contribute to large oceanic “dead zones,” which extended to nearly 7,903 sq. miles in the Gulf of Mexico during Summer of 2007.

  24. Dead Zones • Oxygen Depleted Zones • Also known as Hypoxic or Anoxic conditions • HAB’s: harmful aglal blooms • Red, green, or brown TOXIC tides

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