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Human Security and Protection of Civilians

OCHA. TEMPEST EXPRESS – 25 June 2014. Human Security and Protection of Civilians. Viviana De Annuntiis OCHA Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific http :// www.unocha.org. OCHA. Learning Outcomes. COMPARE THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN SECURITY WITH OTHER CONCEPTS.

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Human Security and Protection of Civilians

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  1. OCHA TEMPEST EXPRESS – 25 June 2014 Human Security and Protection of Civilians Viviana De Annuntiis OCHA Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific http://www.unocha.org

  2. OCHA • Learning Outcomes • COMPARE THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN SECURITY WITH OTHER CONCEPTS UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN SECURITY At the end of the session participants will…. • EXPLORE THE CONCEPT OF PROTECTION AND THE KEY STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED • EXPLAIN THE LINK BETWEEN PROTECTION • AND CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION

  3. OCHA • Overview HUMAN SECURITY THE CONCEPT OF PROTECTION PROTECTION AND CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION

  4. OCHA HUMAN SECURITY “…Human security means protecting fundamental freedoms. It means protecting people from critical and pervasive threats and situations. It means using processes that build on people’s strengths and aspirations. It means creating political, social, environmental, economic, military and cultural systems that together give people the building blocks of survival, livelihood and dignity.” (Human Security Unit – OCHA)

  5. OCHA HUMAN SECURITY • Inter-disciplinary concept • ‘Human elements’ of security, rights and development. Characteristics: • People-centered • Multi-sectoral • Comprehensive • Context-specific • Prevention-oriented

  6. OCHA Human Security Threats

  7. OCHA Human Security Threats (cont.)

  8. OCHA How do you achieve Human Security?

  9. OCHA Protection: • It refers to the norms, processes and institutions required to protect people from critical and pervasive threats. • “Top-down" approachPeople face threats that are beyond their control (e.g., natural disasters, financial crises and conflicts). • Human security requires protecting people in a systematic, comprehensive and preventative way.

  10. OCHA Empowerment: • Strategies that enable people to develop their resilience to difficult situations. • “Bottom-up" approach. • Enable people to develop their full potential. • Allow them to find ways and to participate in solutions to ensure human security for themselves and others.

  11. OCHA Human Security – Operational Tool

  12. PART II The Concept of Protection

  13. OCHA Protection – Definition • Broad term and no shared definition between international military and humanitarian actors; • Not restricted to ‘physical security’; • Encompasses a broader spectrum of human security and human dignity.

  14. OCHA Protection – Definition • Need to enhance the concept of protection arose in the 1990s among humanitarian actors; • Providing assistance to people would not be sufficient to save their lives and restore their dignity in the face of continuous threats to their human security.

  15. OCHA Protection – Definition (cont) “…all activities aimed at ensuring full respect for the rights of the individual in accordance with international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and refugee law.” IASC definition (1999)

  16. OCHA Protection – Definition (cont) • Protection as a set of legal obligations, for example those incumbent upon parties to armed conflict according to IHL. • Protection as an overall objective (a result to be achieved). • Protection as a concrete activity or set of activities.

  17. OCHA PROTECTION – STAKEHOLDERS • States: primary legal responsibility for protection; • UN peacekeeping missions, and/or regional governmental organisations; • IOs, UN Agencies • NGOs, Civil Society

  18. OCHA Protection – Humanitarian Actors Humanitarian actors undertake two types of protection activities: • Dedicated protection activities which seek to prevent actual abuses and the fear of abuse. • Integrating protection concerns into other humanitarian activities, referred to variously as ‘do no harm’, ‘mainstreaming protection’ and ‘good programming’.

  19. OCHA PROTECTION COMMON GROUND • Promoting adherence by all parties to conflict to IHL and IHRL. • Reducing community threats and vulnerabilities (for the military through coercive means, or the possibility of force, for humanitarian actors through non-coercive means). • Building a protective environment

  20. OCHA PROTECTION COMMON GROUND • International humanitarian and military actors make an effective contribution to protecting affected populations in conflict and other crisis contexts; • Diverse ways of engaging and understanding Protection gives rise to a spectrum of possibilities for interaction and dialogue, all within the definition of civil–military coordination (UN-CMCoord)

  21. PART II The Concept of Protection and Civil-Military Coordination

  22. UN-CMCoord What is it? The essential dialogue and interaction between civilian and military actors in humanitarian emergencies necessary to protect and promote humanitarian principles, avoid competition, minimize inconsistency, and when appropriatepursue common goals. Credit: Getty Images

  23. UN-CMCoord & Protection • Dialogue and interaction that allows humanitarians to coordinate their strategies (incl. protection) • with international military actors to identify roles and responsibilities and leverage available resources and capacities.

  24. OCHA IMPLICATIONS FOR UN-CMCOORD • General civil-military concepts and principles are applicable to Protection but may require further clarifications; • There is a gap in the guidelines (IASC Discussion Paper, MCDA Guidelines, etc.) on practical considerations in relation to UN-CMCoordon Protection issues

  25. OCHA NEXT STEPS • Sharing of general analysis of protection threats; allow a mutual understanding of the prioritisationeach actor makes when defining its protection strategy. • Sharing of lessons learned on respective actions aimed at protecting civilians, and lessons learned in relation to the interactionbetween International military and humanitarian actors operating in the same theatre

  26. OCHA NEXT STEPS • Development of specific guidelines on the interaction of peacekeeping missions and humanitarian actors on the issue of Protection; • Development of training modules for peacekeepers and humanitarians on Protection; • Key role of UN-CMCoord officers

  27. OCHA • Learning Outcomes • COMPARE THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN SECURITY WITH OTHER CONCEPTS UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN SECURITY At the end of the session participants will…. • EXPLORE THE CONCEPT OF PROTECTION AND THE KEY STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED • EXPLAIN THE LINK BETWEEN PROTECTION • AND CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION

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