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Understanding Nitrogen Dynamics in Global Warming: Industrial and Biological Processes

This overview explores nitrogen fixation processes contributing to global warming, highlighting both industrial and natural contributions. It discusses the role of high-temperature and high-pressure methods such as the Haber-Bosch process, symbiotic relationships in plants like alfalfa and soybeans, and microbial activities in various pH environments. We delve into nitrogen transformation cycles including mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification, emphasizing their significance in agricultural practices and climate impact. Key microbial players and their interactions within the nitrogen cycle are also addressed.

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Understanding Nitrogen Dynamics in Global Warming: Industrial and Biological Processes

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  1. GLOBAL WARMING ATMOSPHERE 3H2 + N2 2NH3 N2O NO N2 INDUSTRIAL FIXATION LIGHTNING, RAINFALL N2 FIXATION PLANT AND ANIMAL RESIDUES HABER BOSCH SYMBIOTIC NON-SYMBIOTIC (1200°C, 500 atm) MESQUITE RHIZOBIUM ALFALFA SOYBEAN BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AZOTOBACTER CLOSTRIDIUM MATERIALS WITH N CONTENT > 1.5% (COW MANURE) MATERIALS WITH N CONTENT < 1.5% (WHEAT STRAW) FERTILIZATION PLANT LOSS AMINO ACIDS MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION NH3 AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION IMMOBILIZATION AMINIZATION HETEROTROPHIC ORGANIC MATTER R-NH2 + ENERGY + CO2 BACTERIA (pH>6.0) FUNGI (pH<6.0) pH>7.0 R-NH2 + H2O AMMONIFICATION NH2OH IMMOBILIZATION R-OH + ENERGY + 2NH3 N2O2- Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Thiobacillus Denitrificans, and T. thioparus MICROBIAL/PLANT SINK 2NH4+ + 2OH- MINERALIZATION + NITRIFICATION FIXED ON EXCHANGE SITES +O2 NO2- Nitrosomonas DENITRIFICATION NO3- POOL NITRIFICATION 2NO2- + H2O + 4H+ OXIDATION STATES Nitrobacter + O2 DENITRIFICATION LEACHING LEACHING VOLATILIZATION NITRIFICATION ADDITIONS NH3 AMMONIA -3 NH4+ AMMONIUM -3 N2 DIATOMIC N 0 N2O NITROUS OXIDE 1 NO NITRIC OXIDE 2 NO2- NITRITE 3 NO3- NITRATE 5 Joanne LaRuffa Wade Thomason Shannon Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University TEMP 50°F LEACHING LEACHING LOSSES OXIDATION REACTIONS LEACHING REDUCTION REACTIONS pH 7.0

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