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Infinitive/ ing-form/Participles

Infinitive/ ing-form/Participles. Forms of the Infinitive. Verb Tenses Infinitive he studies/he will study to study he is studying/will be studying to be studying he studied/ has studied/had to have studied studied

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Infinitive/ ing-form/Participles

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  1. Infinitive/ ing-form/Participles

  2. Forms of the Infinitive • Verb Tenses Infinitive • he studies/he will study to study • he is studying/will be studying to be studying • he studied/ has studied/had to have studied studied he was studying/has been to have been studying/had been studying studying

  3. Infinitive • The to –infinitive употребляется • для выражения цели e.g. She went to the chemist’s to buy some aspirin. • после определенных глаголов(advise, agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seem, teach, want, plan, etc e.g. We decided to sell our car. • послеwould love, would like, would prefere.g. I’d love to see TajMahal one day.

  4. после прилагательных (happy, glad, sad,clever, kind, lucky , fortunate) e.g. I was glad to meet you. • после вопросительных слов (where, how, what, who, which, but not “why) e.g. Has she told you where to meet them? but I don’t why he left so early. • после too/enoughe.g. It isn’t warm enough to go out without coat. It’s too spicy for me to eat. • после существительных e.g. It is pleasure to workwith you. • в конструкцияхbe+first/ second/ next/ last.etce.g. She was the first person to congratulate me on my promotion.

  5. в устойчивых выраженияхto tell you the truth, to be honest, to sum up, to begin with etc. e.g. To tell you the truth, I did it on my own. • Note if two to-infinitives are linked by and or or, the to of the second infinitive can be omitted. e.g. I would like to go and visit Kate at the weekends.

  6. The infinitive withoutto is used • после модальных глаголовcan, could, may, might, will, would, must, should, etc.e.g. You must call your mother immediately. • послеhad better and would rather e.g. We had better avoid the town centre because the traffic is very heavy at the moment. • после глаголовlet, make, see, hear, and feel. e.g. She made her clean the room. But: weuse the to-infinitive after be made, be heard, be seen, etc. (passive form). e.g. She was made to clean her room.

  7. help can be followed by either the to-infinitive or the infinitive without to. e.g. She helped me (to) paint the kid’s bedroom.

  8. The - ing form is used • как существительноеe.g. Smoking is forbidden in this building. • После глаголов:admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, continue, deny, fancy, go (for activities), imagine, mind (=object to), miss, quit, save, suggest, practice, prevent, regret, keep, continue, delay, enjoy,understand, etc. e.g. They suggested eating out at the local Italian restaurant. • после love, like, dislike, hate, enjoy, prefer, e.g. I love watching the sun set every evening.

  9. после предлоговe.g. He was thinking of getting a new job. They left without saying a word. • после глаголовhear, notice, listen, see, watch to describe an incomplete action. e.g. I saw him cross the bridge. I saw him crossing the bridge. в выраженияхbe busy, it’s no use, it’s no good, it’s (not) worth, what’s the use of, can’t help, there’s no point (in), can’t stand, have difficulty (in), have trouble. e.g. It’s no use calling him. He can’t hear.

  10. Verbs taking the to-infinitive or the ing-form with a change in meaning • forget + to-inf = not remember • Tom forgot to pay the electricity bill. • forget + ing form = not recall • She will never forget going to her first party.

  11. remember + to-inf = not forget • Did you remember to send the invitations? • remember + ing form = recall • I remember visiting this museum before.

  12. mean + to-inf = intend to • We mean to complete the project by December. • mean + ing form = involve • John is willing to attend a computer course even if it means sacrificing his free time.

  13. regret +to –inf = be sorry to ( it is normally used in the present simple and is followed by verbs such as say, tell, inform) • I regret to inform you that you have failed. • regret +ing form= feel sorry about • She regrets buying such an expensive car.

  14. try + to = attempt, do one’s best • They tried to fix the roof. • regret +ing-form = do smth as an experiment • Why don’t you try using olive oil?

  15. stop + to –inf = stop to do smth else • He stopped to smoke. • stop + ing-form = finish, give up • We stopped smoking.

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