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Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Mechanics. Ch-8 Buoyancy Pressure Flow. Fluids. Fluids flow and alter shape Which states of matter are fluid? Liquid Gas Plasma. Gasses fill and conform to their container. Chlorine gas Cl 2. Plasma ’ s conform to magnetic fields.

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Fluid Mechanics

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  1. Fluid Mechanics Ch-8 Buoyancy Pressure Flow

  2. Fluids • Fluids flow and alter shape • Which states of matter are fluid? • Liquid • Gas • Plasma

  3. Gasses fill and conform to their container • Chlorine gas Cl2

  4. Plasma’s conform to magnetic fields • At PPPL they are experimenting on the fusion of hydrogen plasma

  5. Density •  = m/V • “rho” = mass/volume • Density of Steam = 0.598 kg/m3 • Density of Mercury = 13.6 x 103 kg/m3

  6. Buoyancy • FB = Fg (of displaced fluid) • = mog

  7. Archimedes Principle • Fnet = mfg - mog

  8. Ships are rated as displacing tons of seawater

  9. Fluid Pressure • P = F/A • Force/unit area • Pounds/in2 (Psi) • Or N/m2 (Pascals) 4000 N/m2

  10. 107 Pascal

  11. Fluid Pressure • P = F/A • Force/unit area • PSI (lbs/insquared)

  12. Pressure increases as area applied decreases • F1/A1 = F2/A2

  13. Hydraulics at the Dentist

  14. Syringe hydraulic lift • I raise a 10 N rock with a hydraulic piston that is 13 mm in radius using water connected to a 1.5 mm radius syringe. How much force is necessary for this lift to raise the rock?

  15. Pressure as a Function of Depth • P = Po + rgh

  16. Submarine Ballast Tanks • The density of the whole device is adjusted by releasing compressed air

  17. WWIII Submarine section

  18. Buoyant force results from differing pressure at depth FB=A(Po+rgh2)-A(Po+rgh1) FB=rg(h2-h1)A FB=rgV FB=mfg That’s Archimedes Principle

  19. The Coanda Effect • Fluid adheres to surfaces • Flowing fluids are directed by curved surfaces

  20. Bernouli’s Principle on Air foils • Air flowing across and air foil flows faster across the top • Pressure is lower of the air flows faster • Fnet is upward

  21. Coanda Effect breaks down at high angles of attack • The Coanda effect guides the air flow along the surface • The air flow breaks free and turbulent flow results • Stall occurs

  22. Coanda Develops First Jet engine aircraft, 1910 It crashes, he loses funding Lost technology for 30 years

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