Chapter 10 The City-States

1. Chapter 10The City-States Ms. Smith World History

2. Please Do Now #13 List two advantages and two disadvantages of living in a modern city. The Greeks lived in city-states. Look for the advantages and disadvantages of life in the Greek city-states as you read this chapter.

3. Why It’s Important • The geography of Greece – the mountains and the sea - separated communities from each other. Although they spoke the same language and shared many of the same customs, no single community had power over the others. People developed a loyalty to the community in which they lived. These communities, city-states, became a feature of Greek civilization.

4. Objectives • Identify and discuss Chapter 10 vocabulary and ways in which Greek ideas related to our world today.

5. Chapter 10 Section 1 Vocabulary • Polis – another name for city-state. The geographic and political center of Greek life. • Acropolis – A fortified hill with a temple of the local god at the top. • Agora – at the foot of the Acropolis that was an open marketplace.

6. Chapter 10 Section 2 Vocabulary • Aristocrats – nobles who took over Spartan government. • Helots – enslaved people who worked Spartan land. • Parioeci – Spartan merchants and artisans who participated in trade.

7. Chapter 10 Section 3 Vocabulary • Oligarchy – A form of government in which a few people have the ruling power. • Draco – made the first attempt to change the oligarchy form of government. Failed because punishment was too harsh. • Constitution – prepared by Solon, a set of principles and rules for governing.

8. Chapter 10 Section 3 Vocabulary • Democratic – favoring the equality of all people. • Cleisthenes – put the first democratic constitution into effect. Opened the Assembly to males over 20 years old. • Council of Five Hundred – handled the daily business of Athens. Chosen by lot.

9. Please Do Now #14 3-17-14 • Read “Reading Physical Maps” on page 165. • Answer the “Map Practice” questions. • ____________ • ____________ • ____________

10. Please Do Now #14 3-17-14 • Read “Reading Physical Maps” on page 165. • Answer the “Map Practice” questions. • Yellow • Dark green • Steep mountains and small, narrow plains.

11. PDN#16 3-19-14Did you know? • The Mediterranean climate of ancient Greece made it an optimum place for growing olives, a crop that was as good as gold for the Greeks. Finding the olive growing wild, the Greeks cultivated it. Olive oil went into Greek homes as well as in other ancient lands. Bread was dipped in oil as many people use butter today. What other uses do we have for olive oil?

12. Chapter 10 – The City-States • The Polis was the geographic and political center of Greek life. • Polis means “city-state.” • Each had a fortified hill called an acropolis • At the top stood a temple of the local god. • At the foot was the agora, an open area used as a marketplace.

13. Chapter 10 – The City-States • By 700 B.C., the inner part of the polis became a city. • Together with the villages and farmland around it, it formed a city-state, with between 5,000 and 10,000 people. • Each city-state had its own government and laws. • Only men born in Greece were considered citizens. • Excluded from citizenship were women, children, and enslaved people. • Only citizens could vote, own property, hold public office, and speak in court.

14. Chapter 10 – The City-States • In return for citizenship, men were expected to take part in government and defend the polis. • Greek citizens saw civic and personal honor equally important. • Two greatest Greek city-states were Athens and Sparta.

15. Chapter 10 – The City-States • Sparta • By 500 B.C., it was the greatest military power in Greece. • At first, ruled by a king. • By 800 B.C. aristocrats took over the government. • Duties of king evolved into leading the army and conducting religious services.

16. Chapter 10 – The City-States • Only aristocrats could be Spartan citizens. • All citizens over 20 were members of the Assembly. • Passed laws • Decided questions on war and peace. • Chose five ephors (managers) each year to take charge of public affairs and guide education. • Council of Elders helped the ephors. • Made up of men over 60 • Chosen for life.

17. Spartans had no interest in farming. • Helots (enslaved people) worked the land. • Spartans not interested in business or trade. • Perioeci (merchants) and artisans who lived in the villages handled it. • Spartans tried to become the strongest people in Greece. • Spartan babies were examined for health. • If healthy, allowed to live. • If not healthy, left on a hillside to die.

18. Please Do Now #15 3-18-14 Draw Diagram. Add five characteristics of Greek City-States. Greek City-States

19. Objectives Today we will identify major characteristics of life in Sparta for babies, boys, women, and men.

20. Spartan boys • When boys turned seven, they were sent to live in military camps. • They learned to read, write, and use weapons. • Received only small amounts of food. • Went barefoot and wore one cloak (cape, coat). • Rarely spoke. • Slept outdoors with no cover. • Lined up every ten days to check for weight gain.

21. Spartan men • Married at age 20. • Had to live with other military men. • Retired from the army at 60. • Spartan Women • Had more freedom than women in the other city-states. • Mixed freely with men. • Enjoyed sports such as wrestling and racing.

22. Spartans thought new ideas would weaken them. • Tried to prevent change. • Refused to use coins the other city-states used. • Refused to develop literature and art. • Refused to build up business and trade. • Remained a poor farming society that depended on slaves. • Defeated in 371 B.C.

23. Group Activity • Divide into four groups. • Two groups: Imagine you are Athenians defending the idea that a woman’s place is in the home. • Two remaining groups: Imagine you are Spartans defending the idea that women should be free to mix with their husband’s friends and attend sporting events. • Debate the issue in the form of a speech.

24. Athens • First ruled by kings. • Around 750 B.C. an oligarchy made up of nobles, merchants, and manufacturers took over the government. • The government had to change due to fights between farmers and artisans over land ownership. • The upper class Athenians decided to reform the government.

25. Please do now #17 3-21-14 • Imagine you are Athenians defending the idea that a woman’s place is in the home, or imagine you are a Spartan defending the idea that women should be free to mix with their husband’s friends and attend sporting events. • Discuss your ideas with your group. • Write a paragraph expressing your point of view using complete sentences.

26. First attempt was made by Draco. • Failed because punishments were too harsh. • In 594 B.C. Solon prepared a constitution. • A set of principles and rules for governing. • Government would no longer be run by the rich. • Set a limit on how much land a person could own. • Gave landowners a right to vote in Assembly. • Assembly passed laws.

27. Under Solon and as a result of his changes, more Athenians began to take part in government. • About 560 B.C., the government was taken over by another Athenian named Peisistratus. • A Democratic Constitution • The Spartans overthrew the government after Peisistratus died. • Spartans were overthrown by Cleisthenes. • Cleisthenes put the world’s first constitution into effect.