Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor

1. Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor Mary Renwick, Winrock International World Water Forum, Session 2.4.1 Istanbul, Turkey March 2009 Funding provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Collaborators: IRC and IWMI

2. Global MUS Assessment Study Goal: inform prospective water sector investments assess the potential of multiple-use water services to sustainably meet the water needs of the poor Key Findings: Strategic investments in multiple-use services can cost-effectively maximize poverty impacts of water services while enhancing sustainability Potential clients: over 1 billion people Where: rural South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa How: New domestic multiple use services Upgrading service levels within existing domestic and irrigation systems

3. Multiple Use Services: Background Small-scale Enterprises Home Gardens Livestock Photo Credit: IRC Photo credit: Ronald Rospigliosi Photo credit: Charles Batchelor Domestic uses of Irrigation Systems Photo credit: Menno Houtstra Photo credit: Kande Matungulu Photo Credit: Ronald Loeve

4. Research Goal, Questions, and Methods Methods Study Goal: to help inform prospective investments in the water sector by assessing the potential of multiple-use water services to sustainably meet the water needs of the poor. Develop a framework for multiple use services—defining service levels Assess incremental costs, benefits and poverty impacts Question 1: What are the incremental costs and benefits of multiple-use approaches over single-use approaches? Evaluate the potential market for multiple use water services Question 2: Where do multiple-use approaches apply and who are the main beneficiaries? Identify potential opportunity areas 4

5. Water Service Levels Defined Highest-level multiple use services most domestic and productive needs Level 4 Intermediate-level multiple use services many domestic and productive needs Level 3 Basic-level multiple use services limited domestic and productive needs Level 2 cc Basic domestic / basic irrigation single use – either domestic and irrigation Level 1 No services Level 0

6. 6 Water Service Levels Required to Support Multiple Uses Increasing water quantity to support productive uses Improving water quality to support domestic uses Making water availability more reliable to support non-irrigation uses Reducing distance between water source and homestead to support productive uses Reducing distance to homestead, improving physical access to canals

7. Basic level MUS Income Benefits by Service Level: Domestic Average additional per capita annual income benefits The largest incremental gains in income are achieved at the intermediate service level. Highest level MUS $10 Intermediate level MUS $36 $25 For a family of 5, an additional $125-$350/year Basic Domestic No services

8. Health Food security and nutrition Diversifying livelihoods and reduced vulnerability Social equity and empowerment Poverty Impacts: Non Financial Benefits Photo credit: Umgeni Water

9. Most rural poor have assets necessary to benefit to some extent Improved water services enhances productivity of these assets Communities with higher water service levels have more home gardens, livestock and small-scale enterprises Poverty Impacts: Key Findings Photo credit: IRC

10. Costs and Benefits: New Domestic Services Basic level MUS Cost BCR Highest level MUS • Per capita investment costs include software and hardware • Benefit-cost ratios include: • Full Investment costs • Re-current annual costs (O&M, source protection and capital maintenance fund) Intermediate level MUS Cost BCR Cost BCR Basic Domestic Cost BCR No services

12. Costs and Benefits: Upgrading Services Basic level MUS Highest level MUS Intermediate level MUS Basic Domestic No services

13. Where: Mapping the potential market for multiple use services Potential Market Disaggregate Populations By Technology/Water Source For Water Service Levels Enabling Conditions nEstimate Populations By Water Service Levels nMap Socio-Economic Characteristics Using Available Data Assess Potential Client Base Size, Location & Characteristics Assess Economic Feasibility of Multiple Use Services Incremental Costs & Benefits By Service Level & Technology Opportunity action areas

14. Estimated Rural Populations by Water Service Levels: South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa

15. Example: Mapping Market for New Piped Domestic Multiple Use Services Sources: JMP, 2004. CIESIN, 2004.

16. Example: Mapping Market for Upgrading Irrigation Systems to Support Multiple Use Services Sources: IWMI, GIAM, 2006. CIESIN, 2004.

18. Potential for Multiple Uses Systems across livelihood zones 44 million households 220 millionpeople 52% of rural population 3.3 billion USD 4% of total water investment potential

19. Study conclusions • Multiple use services cost more but generate greater income and poverty impacts and offer greater potential for sustainability • Income generation… Above 20 lpcd, each additional lpcd generates $.5-$1 per year of income. • Improving services from 20 to 100 lpcd translates into an additional $200-$400 for household of 5 • The potential market for multiple use approaches is substantial (>1 billion)

20. Conclusion THANK YOU! Report on the internet Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor: Assessing the State of Knowledge www.winrockwater.org Interested in more information Mary Renwick (mrenwick@winrock.org)