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Pests & Pesticides

Pests & Pesticides. ES 302 - Ch 3 Please take out your study guide. GMOs can help us use LESS pesticide…. …or sometimes MORE! The Pesticide Treadmill:. What’s a pest ?. Organisms that occur where & when they’re not wanted Injures humans/animals/crops/structures

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Pests & Pesticides

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  1. Pests & Pesticides ES 302 - Ch 3 Please take out your study guide

  2. GMOs can help us use LESS pesticide…

  3. …or sometimes MORE!The Pesticide Treadmill:

  4. What’s a pest? • Organisms that occur where & when they’re not wanted • Injures humans/animals/crops/structures • Competes for food/water • Spreads disease • NOT all pests are insects! • 7/8 insects are NOT pests Write one observation for each pest explored!

  5. Pesticides • Any substance/mixture/device to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate any pest • “plant regulator, defoliant, dessicant” – US Law • Avicides, insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides • Designed to Kill – which are pesticides? • Rat poison, black light trap, chlorine in your pool, pheromones

  6. Types of Pesticides • Chemical Pesticides • FYI: Organophosphates, carbamates, organochlorides • Biopesticides • FYI: microbial (Bt), plant-incorporated protectants (transgenics), biochemical (pheromones)’, predatory insects (ladybugs) • Pest control devices • FYI: traps, sticky paper, black light

  7. Pros & Cons of Chemical Pesticides

  8. Pros & Cons - Chemical Pros Cons Might kill other organisms (7/8 insects are not pests; some beneficial) “broad-spectrum” vs. selective Superbugs Some are persistent Can be toxic • Preserve crops • During growth • During storage • Improves crops • Quality of crops • Quantity of crops • Prevents disease

  9. Developing Resistance See Fig. on pg. 253 in book – what’s wrong with the book’s explanation?

  10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Lr1pCEcNU Persistence • Why is it good? • Why is it bad? • How does it happen? Carried by wind and water, remains in soil Easily dissolve in fat, stored

  11. Biomagnification/Bioaccumulation • Concentration of pesticide increases as you move up the food chain • How does this relate to the Rule of 10%? • http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/stories/the_age_of_ambivalence/02.ST.06/?scene=2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxqDaTUh08o - animation

  12. Pesticides and ADHD http://articles.cnn.com/2010-05-17/health/pesticides.adhd_1_pesticide-exposure-organophosphates-fruits-and-vegetables/2?_s=PM:HEALTH http://lochland.wikispaces.com/Gabby+J http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC6FcurW40g – today show

  13. Correlation vs. causation

  14. Persistence and Biomagnification DDT dichlor-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide Banned in 1972, but still found in 96% of samples Thin eagle shells Used extensively in WWII https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UiCSvQvVys– DDT (5:45) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Lr1pCEcNU – chlordane persistent (1:44) – sprayed on children (0:31) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Y-6hm7zpps – Rachel Carson (0:36) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2EtxYxEKww- spraying on people

  15. Alternatives to chemicals Biological Pesticides And Changing Farming Practices

  16. Pathogens - bacteria, protozoa, fungus

  17. Chemicals from plants

  18. Release predatory organisms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs

  19. Prevent Breeding / Birth Control

  20. Plant companion crops

  21. Crop Rotation

  22. IPM • Integrated Pest Management • “…the coordinated use of pest and environmental information with available pest control methods to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.” - EPA • AKA: common sense

  23. Integrated Pest Management includes... • Biological pest control • Mix of farming practices • Chemical pesticides If IPM is common sense, why doesn’t everyone use it?

  24. Steps of IPM • INSPECT AND INVESTIGATE • IDENTIFY AND LEARN • MONITOR • IS IT WORTH IT? • CHOOSE CONTROL METHODS • EVALUATE

  25. Beneficial Insects • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Kristen+J • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sean+Bowers • Superbugs • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Ben+H • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Evan+S • ADHD, allergies • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Lefevre • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sue+Mun • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Sara+T • Biopesticides • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+doug+b • http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+JustinR

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