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Agreement

Agreement. Marks a verb, adjective, and/or determiner with a noun feature Number (singular, plural) Gender Person (1st, 2nd, 3rd ). Verb agreement. Italian Lei parla italiano She speaks Italian Lei parl -a italiano 3Fem.sg. speak- 3sg Italian. Verb agreement. Swahili

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Agreement

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  1. Agreement • Marks a verb, adjective, and/or determiner with a noun feature • Number (singular, plural) • Gender • Person (1st, 2nd, 3rd )

  2. Verb agreement Italian Lei parla italiano She speaks Italian Lei parl-a italiano 3Fem.sg. speak-3sg Italian

  3. Verb agreement • Swahili Juma aliwapiga watoto Juma hit children Jumaa-li-wa-piga watoto Juma he-past-them-hit children

  4. Adjective and determiner agreement • Spanish La mujer rica ‘the rich woman’ La mujer ric-a DET.fem.sg. woman rich-fem.sg Los edificios altos ‘the tall buildings’ L-osedificio-s alt-o-s DET-masc.pl building-pl tall-masc-pl os

  5. Case • Marks a noun phrase or pronoun • Information about function of noun phrase in a sentence

  6. Two systems 1. Nominative-Accusative case marking Subject of intransitive verb (sit, walk, ...) NOM Subject of transitive verb (hit, see... ) NOM Object of transitive verb ACC 2. Ergative-Absolutive case marking Subject of intransitive verb ABS Subject of transitive verb ERG Direct object of transitive verb ABS

  7. Nominative-Accusative • Intransitive verb John-ga naita John-NOM cried John cried • Transitive verb Mary-ga John-o mita Mary-NOM John-ACC saw Mary saw John

  8. Ergative-Absolutive • Intransitive verb Na’e alu ‘a Tevita went ABS David David went • Transitive verb Na’e ma’u ‘e Tevita‘a e me’a’ofa received ERG DavidABS the gift David received the gift

  9. Questions • How do you say questions in your language? • Yes/No Questions • Content Questions

  10. Yes-No Questions • You want to know if John bought new pants 1. Intonation: John bought new pants? 2. Change word order English Did John buy new pants?

  11. Yes-No Questions 3. Use a Question word Mandarin Statement John mai ifu John buy clothes Question John mai ifu ma? John buy clothes QW ‘Did John buy new clothes?’

  12. Content Questions • Who, what, how, where, etc.

  13. Content Questions 1. QW in same place as missing info Mandarin Statement: Ni kan Lisi You see Lisi Question: Ni kan shei? You see who?

  14. Content Questions 2. QW at beginning (=change word order) English Statement: John sees Lisa Question: Whom does John see?

  15. Content Questions 3. QW at beginning or same place French: Statement Il voit son amie He see his friend Question Qui voit il? who sees he Question Il voit qui? he sees who

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