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Learn about waves and sound in this analytical exercise. Discover how waves transfer energy, the types of waves, and the properties of sound. Explore wave behavior, frequency, pitch, and amplitude. Understand the importance of protecting your ears from loud sounds.
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Starter On the back of the ScienceWorld magazine on your desks read about Scare Science. On your paper, complete the Analyze It.
Waves can transfer ________ over __________ without moving matter the _________ distance. • Waves that ________ energy through matter are known as _____________ waves. • A way to classify waves is how they move; ______________, ______________ and ______________. • In a _______________ wave, the ________ in which the wave travels is ______________, or at a right angle, to the direction of the disturbance. • In a _______________ wave, the wave travels in the same direction as the disturbance. energy distance entire transfer mechanical up-and-down side-to-side forward-to-backward transverse direction perpendicular longitudinal
When _________ increases more wave crests pass a fixed point each second. That means that wavelength ________. So, as frequency increases, wavelength ________, and the opposite is true. • Two waves can _________ energy to or take away energy from each other. • The adding of two waves is called _____________ _____________. It builds up, or constructs, a larger wave out of two smaller ones. • The ____________ of two waves is called ____________ _____________. • Sound is a type of ______________ wave. frequency shortens increases add constructive interference subtracting interference destructive mechanical
instrument • You have a sound-making _______________ within your own body. It is a set of _____ _____ within the _____ _____, or __________, in your throat. Your vocal cords __________ when you breathe to allow air to pass in and out of your __________. Your vocal cords _____ up and draw close together when you are about to speak or sing. • Sound waves are _______________ by first causing the __________ to _________, then the vibrations travel through the __________, _____, and __________ to the inner ear, and lastly cells in the __________ detect the vibrations and send a message to the brain. • Sound travels _____ __________ than light, and it does not always travel at the same speed. Two main factors affect the speed of sound: the __________ that makes up the _________ and the _______________. • Sound travels __________ through liquids than it does through gases. • Sound also travels __________ through a medium at __________ temperatures than at __________ ones. vocal larynx cords box voice relax windpipe tense detected vibrate eardrum hammer anvil stirrup cochlea more slowly material medium temperature faster faster higher lower
The __________ of a sound wave determines the __________ of the sound you hear. A _______________ wave makes a _______________ sound. A _____________ wave makes a _____________ sound. • Most people with good hearing can hear sounds in the range of _______________ hertz. • Sounds below __________ hertz are called _______________ and sounds above _________ are called _______________. • All objects have a __________ at which they __________ called a __________ frequency. • When a sound wave with a particular frequency ___________ an object that has the same natural frequency, __________ __________ occurs. frequency pitch high-pitched high-frequency low-frequency low-pitched 20-20,000 20 20,000 infrasound ultrasound frequency vibrate natural encounters interference constructive
Each _________ __________ and each _________ __________ has its own particular sound _________, or _________. • The _________ _________ is the change in ___________ pitch that occurs when the sound or the __________ of a sound is moving • As a sound moves __________ you the frequency and therefore the pitch _________. As the sound moves ________ the sound waves still move ________ but are _________ ________ so the frequency ________ and you hear a _________ pitch. • __________ is the measure of wave _________. • The _________ the amplitude, the more _________ a sound wave has and the ________ the sound will be. instrument human musical voice quality timbre Effect Doppler perceived receiver toward increases away toward you away further decreases lower energy Amplitude greater intensity louder
Over ________ and _________, a sound gets ________ and _________ until the sound becomes __________. the pitch, however, does not typically change as the _______ grows ________. • Sometimes it is _________ to change sound _________ without changing the pitch and quality of the sound. We can do this by ________ energy to or _________ energy _________ from a sound wave. • _________ can also refer to the way sound waves __________ inside a space. • Hair cells inside your ears are extremely __________. __________ exposure to _____ decibels or louder can cause damage or _________ the cells. • _________ waves are used to detect objects . time distance weaker undetectable weaker sound weaker intesity desirable adding taking away Acoustics behave sensitive Continual 90 destroy Ultrasound
Sonar stands for _____ ________ __ _____. • Sonar can be used for finding enemy __________, schools of ______, map the ______ floor, find ______ ships, to break up ______ stones, to ______ ________ organs, and look at babies during __________. • Music is sound with clear _________ or __________. • Musical instruments produce __________ and __________ when made to _________ at their natural frequencies. sound navigation and ranging submarines fish ocean sunken examine kidney internal pregnancy pitches rhythms pitches rhythms vibrate
The three main types of musical instruments are _________, _____, and _________. • For __________ instruments the vibration of the _______ causes the sound. For the _____ instruments sound is produced by blowing into a _________ and vibrating a column of air. For ________ instruments someone hits the _____ skin which causes vibrations and sends out sounds waves. • A _________ must do two things: 1) __________ the sound that is spoken into it and 2) it must _________ the sound that arrives as a signal from somewhere else stringed wind percussion stringed wind strings mouthpiece percussion tight record telephone reproduce
Starter Suppose you are riding in a car down the street and pass a building where a fire alarm is sounding. Will the sound you hear change as you move up to, alongside, and past the building? Why or why not?
On pps. C67-C68 do questions1-4, 11-17, and on p. C69 do questions 1-4
Vocabulary TestOnce you finish your test please open the ScienceWorld magazine to pps. 20-22 and read and bats. The back of your test has some questions about your reading.
