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A Pilot’s Perspective of Weather

A Pilot’s Perspective of Weather. A Pilot’s Perspective of Weather. Daniel Stewart. Daniel Stewart. Outline. Personal History Weather at the Briefing Weather for Pre-Takeoff & Climb Weather Enroute Weather for the Descent & Approach Extreme Weather Q & A. Personal History.

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A Pilot’s Perspective of Weather

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  1. A Pilot’s Perspective of Weather A Pilot’s Perspective of Weather Daniel Stewart Daniel Stewart

  2. Outline • Personal History • Weather at the Briefing • Weather for Pre-Takeoff & Climb • Weather Enroute • Weather for the Descent & Approach • Extreme Weather • Q & A

  3. Personal History • Name: Daniel Stewart • Company: EVA AIR • Job Description: First Officer MD11 Fleet • Licences: Taiwan CAA ATPL USA FAA ATP Australian CASA ATPL • Academic Qualification: B.Com(HONS)

  4. Flying History – General Aviation PPL:1990 – 1991 A/C Types: PA38 C172 CPL: 1992 – 1996 ATPL: 1996 – 2000 A/C Types: AC50 B58 C310 PA31

  5. General Aviation - Aeroplanes

  6. Flying History - Regional Hazelton Airlines 2000 – 2001 FO SAAB 340 Sydney International Airport QantasLink 2001 – 2004 FO Dash 8-100/200/300 Sydney International Airport

  7. Flying History - Airlines EVA AIR 2004 – FO MD11 Fleet

  8. Weather at the Briefing • Significant Weather Chart • SIGMET • Wind/Temperature Chart • Grid-point Wind/Temp Chart • Route Wind/Temp Profile • MSL Analysis Chart • TAF/METAR

  9. Significant Weather Chart

  10. SIGMET RJJJ SIGMET 4 VALID 281250/281450 RJTD-RJJJ FUKUOKA FIR SEV TURB OBS AT 1235Z 50NM W OF VACKY FL330/350 BYB743 MOV ENE 15KT INTST UNKNOWN= RJJJ SIGMET 3 VALID 281120/281320 RJTD-RJJJ FUKUOKA FIR SEV TURB OBS AT 1046Z 20NM W OF SAKIT FL330 BY B744MOV ENE 15KT INTST UNKNOWN= RJJJ SIGMET 2 VALID 280720/281120 RJTD-RJJJ FUKUOKA FIR FRQ TS FCST IN AREA BOUNDED BY N21E135 N21E138N25E135 N25E132 N24E132 AND N21E135 MOV NE 15KT NC= RJJJ SIGMET 1 VALID 280700/281300 RJTD-RJJJ FUKUOKA FIR VA ERUPTION MT SUWANOSEJIMA LOC N2938 E12942 VA CLDOBS AT 0645Z FL050 EXTENDED E INTST UNKNOWN= RJJJ SIGMET 1 VALID 280400/280800 RJTD-RJJJ FUKUOKA FIR FRQ TS FCST IN AREA BOUNDED BY N21E134 N21E138 N24E137 N23E133 AND N21E134 MOV ENE 20KT INTSF=

  11. Wind / Temperature Chart

  12. Grid-Point Wind/Temperature Chart

  13. Valid from 2158 UTC OCT 28, 2006 to 0900 UTC OCT 29, 2006 ROUTE WIND CROSS-SECTION (DERIVED FROM GRIB UPPER WINDS DATA) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TRK DIST ALT DIR SPD COMP XTRK OAT ISA RCTP - KADLO 230 195 445 245 045 -042 -011 -67 -11 385 251 044 -040 -015 -52 +03 340 266 042 -032 -024 -40 +11 300 279 039 -025 -029 -31 +13 265 279 025 -015 -018 -14 +16 185 283 018 -010 -013 -03 +17 100 085 004 +004 +002 +10 +15 050 057 019 +019 +003 +16 +10 KADLO ELATO 238 069 445 242 035 -034 -002 -67 -10 385 246 033 -032 -004 -52 +03 340 271 030 -024 -015 -40 +11 300 284 032 -021 -022 -30 +13 265 294 018 -009 -014 -14 +17 185 308 012 -003 -011 -03 +18 100 058 009 +009 -000 +10 +15 050 045 019 +018 -003 +17 +12 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TRK DIST ALT DIR SPD COMP XTRK OAT ISA ELATO MAGOG 269 093 445 247 034 -031 +013 -67 -10 385 248 031 -028 +011 -52 +03 340 274 028 -027 -002 -40 +11 300 284 030 -028 -007 -30 +13 265 296 018 -015 -007 -14 +17 185 307 010 -007 -005 -03 +18 100 046 011 +008 -007 +10 +15 050 043 023 +016 -015 +17 +12 MAGOG VHHH 271 090 445 254 036 -034 +011 -67 -10 385 252 032 -030 +011 -53 +03 340 277 031 -030 -002 -40 +11 300 281 031 -030 -004 -30 +13 265 288 020 -018 -005 -14 +16 185 291 009 -007 -002 -03 +17 100 036 011 +006 -008 +10 +15 050 048 020 +014 -012 +16 +10 Route Wind/Temperature Profile

  14. MSL Analysis Chart

  15. TAF / METAR TAIPEI (RCTP) TAF RCTP 282000Z 282106 05010KT 8000 FEW016 BKN060 BECMG 0002 06023KT METAR RCTP 282130Z 06017KT 9999 FEW013 24/21 Q1015 NOSIG HONG KONG (VHHH) TAF VHHH 282000Z 282106 05005KT 6000 FEW035 SCT080 TEMPO 2206 4000 HAZE METAR VHHH 282130Z 05010KT 6000 FEW035 SCT120 25/19 Q1014 NOSIG MACAU (VMMC) TAF VMMC 282000Z 282106 01010KT 7000 FEW020 TEMPO 2106 4000 HAZE METAR VMMC 282200Z 36009KT 5000 HAZE FEW020 24/20 Q1014 NOSIG

  16. TAF / METAR KAOHSIUNG (RCKH) TAF RCKH 282000Z 282106 08003KT 4000 MIST FEW010 SCT080 BECMG 0204 24010KT 9999 METAR RCKH 282130Z 06003KT 4500 MIST FEW010 SCT080 24/20 Q1012 NOSIG SUVARNABHUMI (VTBS) TAF VTBS 282000Z 282106 04005KT 8000 FEW025 SCT300 BECMG 0103 06010KT 9999 FEW020 BKN300 METAR VTBS 282130Z 03005KT 8000 FEW030 26/23 Q1010

  17. Weather for Take-Off & Climb • Upon arrival at airport/during pre-flight inspection – Observe the weather. • Wind direction and speed, • Cloud – amount, base, & type. • Precipitation – amount, type, & location. • Temperature & humidity. • RWY/TWY condition (wet/ice/snow) • Other phenomena (dust devils/virga/etc).

  18. Weather For Take-Off & Climb • ATIS Taipei information ALPHA. Valid 0025UTC. Runway 05/06 in use. Wind 050/15 knots. Visibility 10kms. Cloud FEW010, SCT025, OVC050 Temperature 27 – dew point 25. QNH 1015. TWY SP not available due works in progress. On first contact with ground or approach notify receipt of ALPHA.

  19. Differences between personal observation & ATIS • “Smell the weather”. • Observe what is happening. • Anticipate probable changes: • Wind shifts. • Commencement/cessation of precipitation. • Temperature. • RWY condition. • ATIS is only an observation of what has happened, NOT a forecast. Therefore it can change prior to take-off.

  20. Things to consider for take-off • RWY Condition – Dry, Damp, Wet, Icy, & Snow for aircraft performance. • Wind – Crosswind & downwind limitations. Headwind or downwind component for aircraft performance. • Visibility – Low visibility procedures. Departure alternate requirements.

  21. Things to consider for take-off • Cloud – TCU/CB. Icing conditions. • Temperature – Icing conditions. Aircraft performance. • Precipitation – Rain, hail, snow, & fog. Reduced visibility, damage to aircraft, icing conditions. • Other phenomena – Windshear, dust devils, & tornadoes. Aircraft performance.

  22. Use of Weather Radar • Conduct preflight test. • Turn on prior to lineup. • Adjust tilt to remove ground returns. • Observe weather on take-off/climb path. • Great for - Rain, wet hail, etc. • NOT for – Windshear, CAT, dry hail, etc. • Don’t forget to “look out the window”.

  23. Weather Enroute – SIGWX Chart • Accuracy of position, levels & severity of • CAT, • Thunderstorms, • Typhoons, • Volcanic Ash, • Cold/Warm Fronts, • Jetstreams, and • Level of Tropopause.

  24. Weather Enroute – Wind/Temperature • Accuracy of wind/temperature forecasts. • Temperature affects TAS/MACH • Wind affects ground speed & drift angle.

  25. Weather Enroute – Obtaining Updates Inflight • VOLMET (Volume Meteorological) – HF/VHF • AERIS (Automatic En Route Information Service) - VHF • ACARS (Aircraft Communication and Reporting System) – VHF/Satellite

  26. Weather for Descent & Approach • Very similar considerations as take-off & climb: • Obtain ATIS, • Use of radar, and • Own observation from cockpit. • However, there is a heavier reliance on points a) & b) particularly at night and/or when in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC).

  27. Extreme Weather - Tropical • Typhoon/Cyclone/Hurricane Warnings • Timely, • Accurate in forecasting movements, • Level of severity (Category 1 – 5), and • Easy to understand.

  28. Typhoon Damery: SE Hong Kong, September 2005

  29. Typhoon Damery – Weather Radar Imagine

  30. Tropical Thunderstorms • Very high vertical development • Very heavy rain • Reduced visibility • Lots of thunder and lightning • Low cloud base • Not as serve turbulence as other mid & high latitude thunderstorms. But still treat with plenty of respect!!

  31. Cumulonimbus (CB) over India

  32. Desert Regions • Extreme heat, particularly on the tarmac: • Loss of aircraft performance, • Ambient temperature may exceed limits for APU/engine start, • Dust storms & dust devils, • High base thunderstorms, • Windshear, • Reduction in personal comfort and performance.

  33. Mid-Latitude Weather • Cold fronts, • Warm fronts, • Fog, • Powerful & serve thunderstorms with hail, and • Tornadoes (particularly in Southern USA),

  34. Artic Region Weather • Icing conditions: • Slippery RWY/TWYs, dangerous & difficult to control/stop aircraft. • Snow/slush covered RWY/TWYs, reduced take-off performance and possible freezing of flight controls. • De/Anti-Icing procedures

  35. Artic Region Weather d) De/Anti-Icing inflight: i) Jet Aircraft – Better systems, - Less exposure to icing conditions. ii) Prop Aircraft – Limited systems, - Longer exposure to icing conditions. May not be able to climb/descend out of icing conditions.

  36. Thank-You

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