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Early Peoples

This informative piece delves into the lives of early peoples in Utah, including Paleo-Indians, Archaic Indians, Anasazi, and Fremont cultures. It highlights the significance of archaeology in understanding these groups through their artifacts such as baskets, tools, and pottery. The text examines their diverse lifestyles, spiritual beliefs, architectural styles like tepees and hogans, and artistic traditions including petroglyphs and textiles. By studying these aspects, we appreciate the rich heritage and survival strategies of Utah's early inhabitants.

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Early Peoples

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  1. Early Peoples Differences and Cultural Traditions

  2. Who am I? Part 1

  3. Archeologist A scientist who studies artifacts to learn about early people • Examples of artifacts: • basket • sculptures and figurines • toys • tools • pottery

  4. Archeologists • We need archeologists to study the people of the past because: • Early peoples are prehistoric because they were around before history was written down

  5. Paleo-Indians (paleo means ancient) • The earliest people in Utah (we know of) • Hunter-gatherers • Migration: move from place to place in search of food and warmth • Most of the peoples’ lives were spent gathering and preparing food • Hunted Ice Age animals

  6. Archaic Indians • More advanced hunter-gatherers than the Paleo-Indains • Main weapon: atlatl and spear • Lived in Utah longer than any other group of early peoples

  7. Anasazi • Very artistic people • baskets • necklaces • pottery • whistles • cradle boards • animal skin bags • Lived in permanent villages in the Four Corners area and farmed

  8. Fremont • Desert Gatherers living in the Great Basin • Traded with and borrowed traditions from the Anasazi • Eventually spread over much of Utah with diverse lifestyles between them • Most were full-time farmers • Some were full-time hunter gatherers • Anasazi and Fremont cultures disappeared sometime after 1000 A.D.

  9. Modern American Indian Groups in Utah • Utes • Paiute • Shoshone • Goshute • Navajo

  10. Ute • The largest of Utah’s modern American Indian groups • Hunted and lived in valleys near mountains and lakes

  11. Paiute and Goshute • Lived close together in large family groups in dry desert regions of Utah • Wore few clothes due to the heat • Some Paiutes irrigated their crops • Goshutes are sometimes called “Root-Diggers” because they lived off roots

  12. Shoshone • Lived in tepees in northern parts of Utah • Used horses to help them hunt

  13. Navajo • Lived in the Four Corners region in hogans • Called themselves the Diné

  14. Survival • Despite their many differences, all early peoples in Utah relied on three main things to support their way of life: • plants • animals • climate • Minerals such as gold, silver, and coal were not nearly as important • European explorers often did not realize this

  15. Spiritual, Architectural, Artistic, and Oral Traditions Part 2

  16. Spiritual Traditions • Most early peoples were extremely religious. • Some believed in one god who was present in all things, such as nature (think Pocahontas) • Others, believed in many gods • Respecting nature was extremely important to the spirituality of American Indians

  17. Spiritual Traditions • They believe singing and dancing were powerful forces that could protect people, celebrate life changing events, and make food grow

  18. Architectural Traditions • Homes were diverse between the groups of early peoples

  19. Wicki-ups • Archaic Indians • Paiute • Goshute

  20. Pit Houses • Early Anasazi • Fremont

  21. Cliff-Dwellings • Later Anasazi

  22. Tepees • Ute • Shoshone • Tepees are tall poles covered with animal skins

  23. Hogans • Navajo

  24. Artistic Traditions • Until the Spanish explorers arrived, American Indians made everything they had and used from things in nature.

  25. Artistic Traditions • Groups such as the Anasazi and the Fremont created beautiful figurines, jewelry, and pottery which archeologists have discovered.

  26. Artistic Traditions • Navajos made yarn from sheep’s wool to create beautiful rugs, blankets, and clothing

  27. Petroglyphs • Also known as rock art • A way of telling stories and recording history

  28. Oral Traditions • Many languages were spoken, but no written alphabet existed • They told stories orally • known as legends or myths • many legends were about animals

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