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Irish Immigration to the USA: Success Stories Amidst Adversity

Explore the journey of Irish immigrants to the USA, from severe oppression to success. Discover how they overcame challenges and thrived, becoming leaders in income, education, and occupational prestige.

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Irish Immigration to the USA: Success Stories Amidst Adversity

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  1. Irish Immigration to the USA

  2. Jewish Immigrants • Came from severe oppression • To a Nation that really did not welcome them • How did they become so • successful?

  3. Highest Income Highest Level of Education Most Occupational Prestige

  4. The Irish Catholics came from a much more Primitive Environment and are now a close second in each category

  5. How? • Why?

  6. Strategies? • By Chance? • Luck?

  7. The First Major Minority Group: All of the urban pathologies we now associate with the urban poor

  8. Subsistence to Market Rural to Urban Non English--English Speakers Roman Catholic

  9. 8 Ulster Irish * 1715, 1730, 1745 8Irish Catholics from Ulster 8 Captured Indentures * Cromwell sent over 100,000 Barbados To Hell or Connaught (or Barbados) 8 Quaker Servants

  10. Where the British Empire Goes So go the Irish: as Soldiers, Servants, Missionaries, Settlers, etc.

  11. Ulster Presbyterian Ulster Presbyterians become American Frontiersmen Irish Catholics from Ulster become Protestant in America Irish Catholic Indentures (also Anglo-Irish)

  12. 33% to 40% of Washington’s Army was Irish Many British thought it was an Irish rebellion, or a Presbyterian rebellion

  13. By 1789 United Irishmen Alien-Sedition Act

  14. Colonial Period: • Irish as Alien Servants and Frontiersmen • 2.Revolutionary Period: • Irish gained claim to patriotism • Early Republican Period: • Irish convergence of talented, educated men • Jacksonian Period: • Emphasis returns to mass immigration of unskilled labor • Period of intense Anti-Irish activity

  15. Philadelphia • 1850 72,312 Irish born • 18% of city’s population • 1860 95,458 Irish born • 17% of city’s population • In NYC & Boston 23% of the population

  16. Poor Irish • 2/3 of those in Alms House were Irish Alms Houses lent poor out as laborers

  17. COLERA EPIDEMIC

  18. Philadelphiavs. New York & Boston

  19. Housing -- 1851 • New York 515,000 • 37,730 houses • Philadelphia 490,000 • 61,200 houses

  20. HOUSES Building and Loans

  21. UNSKILLED WORKERS Canals: Erie, Delaware & Chesapeake, New Orleans Railroads

  22. COMPETITION WITH BLACK LABORS • IRISH MOVE INTO CITIES ENMASS • $3 paid forwarding agents for fictitious RR jobs • They could work 12 hours for 87.5 cents a day • Much lower than African Americans • See Want-ads in Boston & Philly papers • NINA

  23. ENTREPRENEURS • Entrepreneurs Raise the Irish to New Levels • 1850 48% of Irish were unskilled laborers • This has NO parallel with any other immigrant group • But only 33% of Philly’s Irish were unskilled laborers

  24. 1850Only 1% of Boston Irish were grocers 1857 20% of Philly’s grocers were Irish 12% of Philly’s Dry Goods Merchants were Irish

  25. SEVEN YEARS CANNOT MAKE THAT MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE!

  26. CATHOLIC SCHOOLS • Protestant Bibles • Proselytize Catholics • Harass Children

  27. Prior to 1860Boston has only 4 Catholic schools PHILLY HAD 19

  28. Irish Construction Companies Build Catholic Churches & Schools Irish Catholic Workers Workers can afford homes

  29. NATIVISTS RIOTS • BIBLE CONTROVERSARY • HARASSMENT OF CATHOLIC CHLDREN

  30. ST AUGUSTINE’S • FR. PATRICK E. MORIARTY

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