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USING THE SCIENCE OF COMPUTATION

This document serves as a comprehensive guide to the principles of computation and measurement within agriscience. It covers various measurement systems, including customary and metric systems, and elaborates on essential concepts such as linear measurement, area, volume, weight, and temperature. The guide emphasizes the standards necessary for accurate trading, chemical mixing, and product manufacturing. By defining fundamental formulas and units, this resource aims to equip agriscientists and educators with the knowledge needed to effectively apply mathematical principles in agriscience contexts.

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USING THE SCIENCE OF COMPUTATION

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  1. USING THE SCIENCE OF COMPUTATION AGRISCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office July, 2002

  2. AREAS OF COMPUTATION IN AGRISCIENCE • MEASUREMENT : Involves determining the number of units in something; a foot is 12 inches long or a bushel of shelled corn is always 56 pounds. • MATHEMATICS : Involves the use of numbers and symbols to show relationships. • Made up of two areas- skills and applications

  3. WHY STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT ? • Buyers and sellers must have the same standard when trading. • Persons mixing chemicals need to use the same standard that is given in the mixing instructions. • People who make products need to use the same standards.

  4. MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS • CUSTOMARY SYSTEM -Inch, foot, yard, mile, ounce, pound, quart, pint, gallon and acre are examples. • METRIC SYSTEM - Grams, meters, liters are examples. Based on decimal system that increases or decreases by numbers by 10s. Uses prefix (“centi”) to meter to form centimeter (1/100 of a meter)

  5. LINEAR MEASUREMENT • IT IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS. • EXAMPLES : • 1 FOOT = 12 INCHES • 1 YARD = 3 FEET OR 36 INCHES • 1 MILE = 5,280 FEET

  6. AREA • IT IS THE MEASUREMENT OF SURFACES • EXAMPLES : • LAND • FLOOR SPACE IN A GREENHOUSE • REPORTED IN SQUARE FEET OR SQUARE METERS

  7. VOLUME • IT IS THE TOTAL SIZE OF AN OBJECT. • IT IS THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF SPACE SOMETHING TAKES OR HOLDS. • RECORDED IN CUBIC FEET OR CUBIC METERS

  8. WEIGHT • WEIGHT IS THE HEAVINESS OF SOMETHING; RELATED TO GRAVITY WHICH IS THE PULL OF THE EARTH. • MEASURED IN POUNDS OR MASS IN KILOGRAMS

  9. TEMPERATURE • REFERS TO HOW HOT OR COLD SOMETHING IS; MEASURED WITH A THEROMETER. • FAHRENHEIT SCALE : WATER BOILS AT 212 AND FREEZES AT 32. • CELSIUS SCALE : WATER BOILS AT 100 AND FREEZES AT 0.

  10. TIME • EACH DAY IS COMPRISED OF 24 HOURS, EACH HOUR IS MADE UP OF 60 MINUTES AND EACH MINUTE OF 60 SECONDS. • BASED ON THE ROTATION OF THE EARTH

  11. INSTRUMENTS USED IN LINEAR MEASUREMENTS • MEASURING STICKS • TAPE MEASURES • CHAINS • CALIPERS • REMOTE MEASUREMENT • THICKNESS GAUGE

  12. WAYS THAT LINEAR MEASUREMENT IS USED • MARKETING • PLANTING RATES • CHEMICAL USE • LAND MEASUREMENTS

  13. AGRISCIENTISTS USE FIVE SHAPES • SQUARE: AREA=L X W • RECTANGLE : A = L X W • TRIANGLE : A = B X H DIVIDED BY 2 • TRAPEZOID : A = B + B DIVIDED BY 2 X H • CIRCLE : R SQUARED X 3.14

  14. LAND AREA • CUSTOMARY UNIT IS THE ACRE • ONE ACRE IS : APPROXIAMATELY 210 FT BY 210 FT. OR 43,560 SQ. FT. • METRIC UNIT IS THE HECTARE • A HECTARE IS 2.47 ACRES OR 107,639 SQ. FT.

  15. VOLUME • VOLUME IS THE AMOUNT OF SPACE SOMETHING OCCUPIES. • MEASURED IN TWO WAYS - CUBIC UNITS (CUBIC CENTIMETERS SUCH AS ANIMAL MEDICINE) AND STANDARDIZED CONTAINERS (GALLONS OF MILK)

  16. FORMULA’S FOR DETERMINING VOLUME • SQUARE : V = L x W x H • CYLINDRICAL CONTAINERS : V = R SQUARED x 3.14 x HEIGHT • CONICAL CONTAINERS : V = R SQUARED x 3.14 x HEIGHT DIVIDED BY 3 • IRREGULAR - SHAPED : V = B + B DIVIDED BY 2 x L x H

  17. KINDS OF CUSTOMARY WEIGHTS • AVOIRDUPOIS : Based on the pound ; most widely used • TROY : Based on the pound weighting 12 ounces. • APOTHECARY : Used in weighing medical drugs

  18. TYPES OF WEIGHING MACHINES • BALANCE SCALE • MECHANICAL SCALE • ELECTRONIC SCALE • IMPORTANT TO KNOW THAT MOST AGRISCIENCE LABS USE THE METRIC SYSTEM AND LINEAR MEASUREMENTS NEED TO BE CONVERTED.

  19. WAYS OF SELLING TIMBER • BOARD FOOT : A piece of wood one foot square and one inch thick. • CORD : Pulpwood or firewood is usually sold this way. A stack 4 feet wide by 4 feet high by 8 feet long or 128 cubic feet is one cord • A cord of wood also weighs 5300 lbs.

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