Lungteng English Reader 3 Lesson 4 Are You Inventive?

1. Lungteng English Reader 3 Lesson 4 Are You Inventive? Kaohsiung Municipal Hsin Chuang Senior High School (高雄市立新莊高中) Presented by Ling, Yuling (凌玉玲)

2. Introduction • The reading begins with a number of questions to motivate the students. The contrast created between the great inventions and the seemingly small ones well serves as a prelude to its main idea: everyone can be inventive as long as he keeps his mind active. By giving practical examples in the list of possible causes to inventions, the reading not only activates the students’ background knowledge but also proposes many possibilities for future inventions. Graphic Types:Brainstorming Web & Hierarchy Chart Focus of the Content: Classifying & Describing with Examples Grammar Focus:Transitional Words

3. LessonPlan I. Background II. New Information III. Practice & Personalization IV. Extension Activities & Application

4. I. Background1.1 Read the passages to establish background knowledge of the text. The safety pin was invented while WalterHunt was twisting a piece of wire, trying to think of something that would help him pay off a fifteen dollar debt. On April 10, 1849, the safety pin was patented. Walter Hunt thought little of his safety pin as an invention and soon sold the patent for four hundred dollars. The first mechanical alarm clock Was invented by Levi Hutchins, of New Hampshire, in the U.S., in 1787. This device he made only for himself, however, and it only rang at 4 AM in order to wake him for his job. The French inventor, Antoine Redier was the first to patent an adjustable mechanical alarm clock, in1847. 1. 2.

5. 1.2 Work out the two graphs based on the established knowledge. Graph for Passage I: Graph for Passage 2: Who: Who: Walter Hunt Levi Hutchins When: What: Why: When: Why: What: April 10, 1849 To pay off a $15 debt safety pin alarm clock To wake him up for job 1787 How: Where: By twisting a piece of wire the U.S.

6. II. New Information2.1 Text Analysis: Answer the modeling questions to analyze the text. Introduction 1. What are the five questions asked by the author to initiate the topic? 2. Who are the great inventors that have changed the way people live? 3. What are the two small inventions that have made people’s lives easier? Main Part4. Which sentence introduces the list of three factors of invention?

7. Brainstorming 5. What is used as an example to explain that people have thought of many solutions to solve problems they face in life? 6. What is the definition of “brainstorming”? Observation 7. Who is suggested as an example of inventing by observation? 8. What are the two examples of common problems that people might think of new ways to deal with?

8. Inventing with Odds and Ends 9. What are the examples of odds and ends found in a drawer or a box? 10. What is the device that is thought of with the odds and ends? Conclusion 11. What does the author suggest in the end?

9. 2.2 Graphic Organizer: Illustrate the text with graphs in order of the introduction, the main part, and the conclusion. Introduction Q1: Q3: Q2: 4 big inventors who have changed the way people live 5 initiative questions 2 small inventions that have made life easier Q4: Q5: Main Part

10. Main Part 3 Factors of Invention & Examples Example: Example: Concluding Sentence:

11. 2.2 Individual Graphs with Answers: Q1: When you hear the word “invention,” what comes to mind? Q3: Do you believe that inventions can only be thought or created by famous people? Q2: Do you think inventions are new things that change how we live? 5 initiative questions Q4: Are you inventive? Q5: Do you think you might invent something new and useful some day?

12. 4 big inventors who have changed the way people live 2 small inventions that have made life easier the airplane the light bulb the safety razor the safety pin The Wright Brothers Thomas Edison the telephone the modern steam engine Alexander G. Bell JamesWatt

13. Main Part 3 Factors of Invention & Examples the message delivery service Concluding Sentence: Just keep your mind active and let your imagination go. You may be more inventive than you think!

14. III. Practice and Personalization 3.1 Some transitions are found in the text: however, for example, at the very least, likewise, and then. Combine the sentences with a propertransition. 1.Lasers are widely applied in medicine. They are common in the treatment of eye diseases. 2.I have always enjoyed going to the beach. I never go there at midday. Lasers are widely applied in medicine; for example, they are common in the treatment of eye diseases. I have always enjoyed going to the beach; however, I never go there at midday.

15. San Francisco has a famous strait in the Golden Gate; likewise, Seattle has a famous strait in Puget Sound. 3.San Francisco has a famous strait in the Golden Gate. Seattle has a famous strait in Puget Sound. 4. The grounds crew mows the course first. They water it. 5. Helping others is something worth doing. You feel happy after helping others. The grounds crew water the course; then they mows it. Helping others is something worth doing; at the very least, you feel happy after doing it.

16. 3.2 Check the table of transitions and then fill in the blanks with proper transitions to complete the paragraph.

17. Complete the passage by filling in the blanks with proper transitions. To begin with In general, there are several solutions to the worsening garbage pollution. (1) , littering should always be prohibited and fined. (2) , people must sort their garbage and recycle such things as old newspapers and tins and glass bottles because they can be reused. (3) , the government should find build enough incinerators or find sanitary landfills to deal with the increasing amount of garbage. (4) , people mustn’t create too much garbage; (5) , the earth will be covered with garbage. After all, there is only one earth to live on. Besides What’s more Above all otherwise

18. 3.3 Read the passage, create a graph based on its content, and complete the answers. Television has a great influence on our life. It is regarded as one of the most effective means of communication. To a high school student, it serves three main functions: education, information, and recreation. First of all, watching TV enables us to enlarge our knowledge in all respects. For example, by watching such channels as Discovery, National Geographic, Animal Planet, and the Public TV station, we can realize the importance of the natural environment, understand human history, and learn about new science. Besides, thanks to the all-day news stations and the sports relay network, watching TV keeps us informed of the latest big events happening in the world. What’s best, TV provides us with high quality entertainment without leaving the house or spending a lot of money. When we feel bored, the variety shows on TV can add fun to our life. Also, channels like HBO, Cinemax, AXN, Hollywood, and Star Movie play a wide variety of films for us to choose from.

19. A Suggested Graph on the Passage:

20. The Graph with Answers:

21. IV. Extension Activities and Application 4.1 Oral Report: The Great Invention Work in groups and choose an invention to research. The oral report should include information about how the invention came into being as well as how it had changed the world. An Example of a Worksheet

23. 4.2 Writing: What’s Next? Work in a group, generate a list of possible future invention needs and choose a need to fill by proposing a new invention. Sketch the invention and write an explanation of how it works and whom it will benefit. An Example of the List of Possible Invention Needs pollution aging energy sources transportation wildlife protection health human communication time travel recreation

24. An Example of Writing

25. 1 2 z z z 3 4 A Sketch of the HCHS Memory Fixer

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27. Complement I. The text lists three factors of invention. Read the stories and decide what factors are involved in the process of invention. 1. One cold December day in 1873, to protect his ears from freezing while ice skating, 13-year-old Chester Greenwood found a piece of wire, and with his grandmother's help, padded the ends. In the beginning, his friends laughed at him. However, when they realized that he was able to stay outside skating long after they had gone inside freezing, they stopped laughing. Instead, they began to ask Chester to make ear covers for them, too. At age 17 Chester applied for a patent. For the next 60 years, Chester's factory made earmuffs, and earmuffs made Chester rich. Factors involved include brainstorming & inventing with odds and ends.

28. 2.The idea of electric lighting was not new, and a number of people had worked on and even developed forms of electric lighting. But up to that time, nothing had been developed that was remotely practical for home use. Edison's eventual achievement was not just an incandescent electric light but also an electric lighting system that contained all the elements necessary to make the incandescent light practical, safe, and economical. After one and a half years of work, success was achieved when an incandescent lamp with a filament of carbonized sewing thread burned for thirteen and a half hours. Factors involved include 3. At the turn of the century, Mrs. Earl Dickson, an inexperienced cook, often burned and cut herself. Mr. Dickson, a Johnson and Johnson employee, got plenty of practice in hand bandaging. Out of concern for his wife's safety, he began to prepare bandages ahead of time so that his wife could apply them by herself. By combining a piece of surgical tape and a piece of gauze, he fashioned the first crude adhesive strip bandage. Factors involved include observation & brainstorming. brainstorming & observation.

29. II. Here are some rules for brainstorming: no criticism, work for quantity, hitchhiking welcome, and freewheeling encouraged. Read each the paragraph and decide which rule it relates to. (1) Alex Osborn stated that "Quantity breeds quality." People must experience a "brain drain“ before innovative, creative ideas can surface; therefore, the more ideas are proposed, the more quality ideas are to be generated. work for quantity (2) Outrageous, humorous, and seemingly unimportant ideas should be recorded. It is not uncommon for the most off-the-wall idea to turn out workable and valuable. freewheeling encouraged

30. Neither positive nor negative comments • are allowed. Either type inhibits the free flow of • thought and requires time which interferes with • the next rule. Write each spoken idea down • as it is given and move on. no criticism (4) This occurs when one member's idea produces a similar idea or an enhanced idea in another member. All ideas should be recorded. hitchhiking welcome