Exploring Ancient and Modern Mexico: A Journey Through Language and Culture

1. Unidad 4.1 Mexico antiguo y moderno

2. Montezuma

3. Mexico antiguo y moderno In this lesson you will learn: • Describe early civilizations and their activities • Describe the layout of a modern city • Ask for and give directions • Use verbs with i-y spelling change in the preterite • Use the preterite of car, gar and zar verbs • Use more verbs with irregular preterite stems

4. Verbs with a spelling change • Some verbs are spelled differently in the past tense in order to maintain their pronunciation. • English verbs that end en –c, for example, have a –k added before the –ed ending to maintain the hard –c sound. • I panic. I panicked.

5. Verbs with a spelling change • In the preterite, verbs that end in car, gar and zar are spelled differently in the yo form to maintain their pronunciation. • Buscarc becomes quYobusqué • Pagarg becomes guYopagué • Empezarz becomes cYoempecé

6. -car verbs • Buscar- to look for busquébuscamos buscastebuscasteis buscóbuscaron Other car verbs: Sacar, tocar,practicar

7. -gar verbs • Pagar-to pay paguépagamos pagastepagasteis pagópagaron Other gar verbs: Llegar, jugar, apagar

8. -zar verbs • Almorzar-to have lunch almorcéalmorzamos almorzastealmorzasteis almorzóalmorzaron Other –zar verbs Empezar, comenzar, cruzar, cazar

9. Preguntas • ¿Quéalmorzaste? ¿Con quién? • ¿Cuándojugaste un deporte con tu amigo? • ¿Cuántopagasteportuszapatos? • ¿A quéhorallegaste a la escuela? • ¿Sacasteunabuena nota en el examenayer? • ¿A quéhoraempezó la clase? • ¿Quiéntocó la guitarra en el concierto? • ¿Ustedesbuscaronlasentradaspara el concierto?

10. Other verbs to know:-change the ito y in 3rd person Construir (to build) construíconstruimos construisteconstruisteis construyóconstruyeron Leer (to read) leíleímos leíste leísteis leyóleyeron *** note that leer in the preterite has accents on the i

11. Irregular verbs • Some English verbs completely alter their root forms in the past tense. • They don’t take the standard pas tense endings –d and –ed. • To bring- He brought. • To eat- He ate.

12. Irregular verbs • The verbs venir, querer, decir, and traer are irregular in the preterite. • All four verbs have irregular preterite stems. Venir and querer take the same endings as estar, poder, poner, saber and tener • Venir=vin • Querer=quis • The verb querer in the preterite sometimes means tried. • Nosotrosquisimosverlasruinaspero no pudimos. • We tried to see the ruins but we couldn’t. -e -imos -iste -isteis -o -ieron

13. Irregular verbs • The preterite of decir and traer end in j. • Use the same irregular endings as we used for the other irregular verbs except you drop the i from third person plural. • Decir= dij- • Traer=traj- -e -imos -iste -isteis -o -eron

14. Put the correct verb form of ir, venir, querer, decir and traer • El viernesyo_______a la fiesta de Marcos con Juan y Maria. • Yo______unregalo y Juan y Maria _____el pastel. • Yo no sabíaquePablo_____a la fiesta. • Yo______bailarperoteníaverguenza. (embarrassed) • Juan le ________ “FelizCumpleaños” a Marcos. • Muchas personas _____a la fiesta. Fuemuydivertido.

15. Oral activity • Page 234 • Answer the questions about an imaginary trip to an excavation of ancient ruins with your Spanish class • You will present to class.

16. Traducir: A) You are in the corner of República de Uruguay and PinoSuárez. Continue straight for 5 blocks on República de Uruguay and turn right @ Lázaro Cardenas. Continue straight for 3 blocks and it's on the left. B) Start at the corner of Carmen St. and Soledad. Continue on Carmen St. for 1 block. Make a left @ Monded St. and continue for 1 block, make a right @ República de Argentina, walk for one block and it's on the right. C) Start @ the corner of Lázaro Cardenas and Francisco Madero. Continue straight on Madero for 4 blocks, make a right @ Monte de Piedad. Walk for one block and make a left @ 16 de Septiembre. Walk for 2 blocks and it's on the right.