In Freud's footsteps

1. In Freud's footsteps Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Others

2. Carl jung • He and Freud were friends once. • Disagreed with Freud on two major points: • He had a more positive view of human nature. • Distinguished between Personal unconscious and Collective unconscious. • Personal: similar to Freud’s idea of the unconscious. • Collective: storehouse of instincts, urges, and memories of the entire human species throughout history. • Archetypes: inherited, universal ideas.

3. Archetypes • Jung identified by studying dreams, and visions, paintings, poetry, myths, and religions. • Cultures share many in common. • Jack and Jill (David and Goliath). • Help to build the foundation of our personalities. • Self: an archetype that gives us direction and provides a sense of completeness.

4. Alfred Adler • Driving force was a desire to overcome feelings of inferiority. • Demosthenes: overcame a speech impediment by practicing speaking with pebbles in his mouth and became the greatest orator of ancient Greece. • Napoleon: a short man who conquered Europe in the early 1800s. • Glenn Cunningham: an Olympic runner who, as a child, lost his toes in a fire and had to plead with doctors not to amputate his legs.

5. Adler, continued • Inferiority Complex: a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source. • Lifestyles: pattern of overcoming inadequacies. • Parents influence the styles of life their children choose. • Overpampering vs. neglect. • Ideally, a child should learn self-reliance and courage from the father and generosity and feeling for others from the mother. (Adler)

6. Karen Horney • Basic anxiety • A child feels this because she is helpless. • Basic hostility • A resentment on one’s parents. • Disagreed with Freud: • She believed that if a child was raised with love and security, that child could avoid psychosexual parent-child conflict that Freud described.