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Identifying and Categorizing Points of Interest: A Framework for Enhanced Location-Based Services

This document discusses the identification and categorization of Points of Interest (POIs) to improve consumer use of location-based services. It presents practical examples such as finding open restaurants, battery replacements, and entertainment options nearby. The work explores the distinctions between services and categories, referencing the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and proposing an extensible hierarchy for services such as emergency and non-emergency categories. The framework is aimed at developing a standardized approach to labeling and classifying various services for enhanced user experiences.

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Identifying and Categorizing Points of Interest: A Framework for Enhanced Location-Based Services

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  1. Identifying and Categorizing POIs Henning Schulzrinne Columbia University

  2. Use cases in draft • Where is a 4 star Italian restaurant near me that is still open? • Where can I find a new battery for my phone? • What movies are playing now near me? • Where is the cheapest available parking near the theater? • What are the specials at nearby restaurants? • What kind of businesses are in this building?

  3. Not to be solved here • Properties of service/POI vs. category • e.g., “restaurant accept AmEx”, “Zagat gave it a rating of 20” • Distinction can be somewhat arbitrary • is “Italian cuisine” an attribute of a restaurant or a classification? • Basic notion: non-interchangeable services = category • gas station vs. restaurant • synagogue vs. Christian church • Pragmatic distinctions supporting consumer use, not census statistics

  4. Categorization possibilities: NAICS • “The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is the standard used by Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments for the purpose of collecting, analyzing, and publishing statistical data related to the U.S. business economy.” • Example: “restaurant”

  5. NAICS “restaurant” of limited interest to most AR applications only two classifications: 722110 full-service 722111 limited service

  6. NAICS – what about… • ATMs? • bus stops? • public schools? • monuments? • public restrooms? • police station? • library? • WiFi hotspot?

  7. Other alternatives • Free-form text • hard to translate into other languages • same service, many names • ATM, automated teller machine, cash machine • restaurant, diner, café, coffee shop, … • library, public library, university library • service hierarchy • restaurant, French vs. French restaurant • Open Street Map (OSM) • Map overlay labels • topographical features, not services • GPS POI labels • don’t appear to be standardized, but good starting point • Yellow Pages directory labels • no obvious standard, but good guideline

  8. Service URN • Idea: Identifiers to denote emergency calls • and other generic (communication) services • Described in IETF ECRIT RFC 5031 • Emergency service identifiers: sos General emergency services sos.animal-control Animal control sos.fire Fire service sos.gas Gas leaks and gas emergencies sos.marine Maritime search and rescue sos.mountain Mountain rescue sos.physician Physician referral service sos.poison Poison control center sos.police Police, law enforcement

  9. Extension to non-emergency services • On-going work: • http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-forte-ecrit-service-classification-03 • Extensible hierarchy designed for location-based services • urn:service:business • urn:service:communication • urn:service:cultural • urn:service:education • urn:service:entertainment • urn:service:financial • urn:service:food • urn:service:fuel • urn:service:government • urn:service:medical • urn:service:religious • urn:service:retail • urn:service:transportation

  10. urn:service:transportation • transportation.airport • transportation.bycicle-rental • transportation.bus-stop • transportation.car-rental • transportation.mechanic • transportation.parking • transportation.port • transportation.subway • transportation.taxi-stand • transportation.train-station

  11. Issues & to-do’s • Is there some existing classification we can borrow? • Registration through IANA or other body (delegated)? • Maintenance? • small editorial group? mailing list? • similar to (Olson) time zone database

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