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Unit 6 Vocabulary

Unit 6 Vocabulary. 2. Gregor Mendel- monk and scientist who discovered the basic principles of genetics through pea experiments; the father of genetics. genetics- the scientific study of heredity. Unit 6 Vocabulary.

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Unit 6 Vocabulary

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  1. Unit 6 Vocabulary • 2. Gregor Mendel- monk and scientist who discovered the basic principles of genetics through pea experiments; the father of genetics • genetics- the scientific study of heredity

  2. Unit 6 Vocabulary • principle of dominance- some alleles are dominant and others are recessive • principle of segregation- during gamete formation, alleles separate (segregate) away from each other so that each gamete only receives a single copy of each gene • principle of independent assortment- genes for different traits can separate without effect on each other during the formation of gametes

  3. Unit 6 Vocabulary • chromosome- a single strand of tightly coiled DNA • gene- the factors that are passed from parent to offspring

  4. Unit 6 Vocabulary • trait- a specific characteristic, such as height, of an individual • allele- one of a number of different forms of a gene

  5. Unit 6 Vocabulary • dominant- an allele that is expressed and masks recessive alleles • recessive- an allele that is only expressed when no dominant alleles are present

  6. Unit 6 Vocabulary • genotype- genetic makeup • phenotype- physical traits

  7. Unit 6 Vocabulary • polygenic trait- a trait controlled by two or more genes; Ex: eye color

  8. Unit 6 Vocabulary • 15. self-pollination- when sperm fertilize eggs within the same flower • 16. cross-pollination- when sperm from one flower fertilize the eggs of another

  9. Unit 6 Vocabulary Example: • 17. P- parental generation • 18. F1- the offspring from the P generation; first filial generation • 19. F2- the offspring from the F1 generation; second filial generation

  10. Unit 6 Vocabulary • 20. true-breeding/pure breeding- offspring produced always have the same phenotype as the parents Purebred: Not Purebred:

  11. Unit 6 Vocabulary 21. autosome- a body chromosome; any chromosome not involved in sex determination • 22. sex chromosomes- chromosomes involved in sex determination; X or Y Autosomes: Sex Chromosomes:

  12. Unit 6 Vocabulary • homozygous- organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular gene; Ex- TT or tt • 23a. homozygous dominant- when the two identical alleles for a particular gene are both dominant; Ex- TT • 23b. homozygous recessive- when the two identical alleles for a particular gene are both recessive; Ex- tt • Heterozygous- when the two alleles for a particular gene are different; Ex- Tt PP pp Pp

  13. Unit 6 Vocabulary • fertilization- the joining of male and female gametes • 26. gamete- a haploid reproductive cell; egg or sperm

  14. Unit 6 Vocabulary • XX- female genotype • 28. XY- male genotype

  15. Unit 6 Vocabulary • Punnett Square- a simple diagram that is used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in a genetic cross • 30. monohybrid cross- the cross between parents with different alleles for a single gene

  16. Unit 6 Vocabulary • co-dominance- the phenotypes produced by both alleles are clearly expressed; no ‘blending’ • 32. incomplete dominance- when one allele is not completely dominant over another; phenotypes appear to ‘blend’

  17. Unit 6 Vocabulary • probability- the likelihood that a particular event will occur; Ex- the probability of tails when flipping a coin • hybrid- the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

  18. Unit 6 Vocabulary • 35. dihybrid cross- a cross between individuals with different alleles for two genes

  19. Unit 6 Vocabulary • 36. multiple alleles- a gene with more than two alleles

  20. Unit 6 Vocabulary • 37. agglutination- the act of clumping together • 38. type A blood genotypes- IAIA, IAi • type B blood genotypes- IBIB, Ibi • type AB blood genotype- IAIB • 41. type O blood genotype- ii

  21. Unit 6 Vocabulary • pedigree- a diagram showing the lineage of a family for a particular characteristic • 43. carrier- an organism that has a recessive gene that is defective

  22. Unit 6 Vocabulary • 44. linked genes- genes that are located close together on the same chromosome and often inherited together • 45. sex-linked trait- trait whose genes are located on a sex chromosome • 46. colorblindness- a sex-linked inherited condition where there is an inability to distinguish some colors

  23. Unit 6 Vocabulary • 47. mutation- a change in gene Example: Mutation due to UV Light

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