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History of American Journalism

History of American Journalism. F irst newspaper published in America Publick Occurrences was the paper Only one edition printed. Benjamin Harris 1690. Newspaper editor put on trial for criticism of government

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History of American Journalism

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  1. History of American Journalism

  2. First newspaper published in America • Publick Occurrences was the paper • Only one edition printed Benjamin Harris 1690

  3. Newspaper editor put on trial for criticism of government • His acquittal forms the basis of the 1st Amendment and our right to argue against our leaders in print John Peter Zenger 1734

  4. Decree by the King of England • Established tax on newspaper per page • Result was the increase of size for papers Stamp Act 1765

  5. Benjamin Day sold his newspaper for 1 penny • New York Sun gained a large circulation Penny Press 1833

  6. Telegraph wire allows for a network of papers • This network forms the basis of the modern AP wire service still crucial in journalism Associated Press 1848

  7. 1860 his New York Herald becomes the largest selling newspaper in the world • Established the use of “beat reporters” crucial in his success James Gordon Bennett

  8. His paper the New York World is first to use cartoons and regular sports coverage • Greatly broadens the appeal of papers and its readership Joseph Pulitzer 1883

  9. 1895 most notorious example of yellow journalism • Helps to push America into the Spanish American War • “You provide the pictures, I’ll provide the war” • Famous for his controversial and sensational journalism style William Randolph Hearst

  10. Editor in 1896 of the New York Times who made the famous paper • His motto was “ONLY THE NEWS FIT TO PRINT” • Established an objective style of reporting that was the standard for a century in America Adolph Ochs

  11. First commercial broadcast useof the radio • Pittsburgh, Pa (still on the air) • Covered the presidential race KDKA Nov. 2, 1920

  12. Conflict between radio and papers over content access • Government stepped in and demanded that newspaper share information with radio news • Result was that papers began to establish their own radio stations Radio Press War 1930-34

  13. Established the Catholic Worker • Famous for a new style of journalism called “crusading” in which her paper fought injustice with its stories Dorothy Day 1933

  14. Most famous error in newspaper history • Chicago Tribune printed the wrong winner in the election of 1948 • Highlights the rush to report the news first which is even worse today Dewey Defeats Truman

  15. Tv journalist for CBS • Set the gold standard for excellence • Featured in a recent film entitled Good Night and Good Luck - his signature sign off Edward Murrow

  16. The original alternative paper established in New York’s Greenwich Village • Presented a different perspective and featured marginalized figures Village Voice

  17. CBS TV anchor for over two decades starting in 1962 • Covered the assasination of JFK • His shift about the Vietnam War swayed much of America Walter Cronkite

  18. Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 eventually led to the establishment of these two important public networks • PBS has set the standard for children’s programming • NPR remains one of the few viable radio news outlets NPR and PBS

  19. First TV news magazine show in primetime • Became the most popular show in America in 1981 and throughout much of the 1980s • Made TV news a VERY profitable form of programming and led to 20/20 , 48 Hours, Dateline, etc 60 Minutes

  20. 1972-1973 the Washington Post did a series of articles on President Nixon’s involvement • Defined the style known as “Investigative Journalism” • Inspired a generation of youngsters to go into reporting • Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein admired for not backing down even to the president Watergate Scandal

  21. First 24 hour news source • Creates a desire for up to the minute reporting CNN

  22. Established in 1982 as a national paper • Highly visual – with lots of color and graphics so more like tv • Gains a huge circulation through its placement in hotels and McDonald chains USA Today

  23. Creates a new outlet for immediate news • Allows consumers to begin to contribute to the news • Changes the economic model for delivering the news Worldwideweb 1993

  24. The main news source fo conservatives • Shifts news from objectivity toward a clear and transparent stance on issues/politics • Offers more opinion than factual reporting as a 24 hour news outlet FOX news

  25. Creates a new source of information • Allows people to be “citizen journalists” • Often comments on news provided by traditional media Blogging 1999

  26. “Fake news” – a show on Comedy Central that satirizes people in the news and other news sources • Won 18 Emmys over the past decade • Very popular among young viewers and a main source of news for many college students Daily Show 2003

  27. 2009 over 100 newspapers go out of business • Caused by economic downturn and losses in both circulation and advertising revenue The Year the Paper Died

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